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Physical trauma

The entry of air into the pleural cavity is referred to as a pneumothorax. This may occur spontaneously when a "leak" develops on the surface of the lung, allowing air to escape from the airways into pleural space. It may also result from a physical trauma that causes penetration of the chest wall so that air enters pleural space from the atmosphere. In either case, the pleural cavity is no longer a closed space and the pressure within it equilibrates with the atmospheric pressure (0 cmH20). As a result, the transpulmonary pressure is also equal to 0 cmH20 and the lung collapses. [Pg.246]

Varies according to the type of incapacitating agent. Care must be taken in that many signs and symptoms associated with exposure to incapacitating agents are also associated with anxiety or physical trauma. Potential indications of exposure include apprehension,... [Pg.385]

Physical trauma to RBC (artificial valves) Excessive sequestration in the spleen Intracorpuscular factors Heredity... [Pg.377]

Therapeutic options in rheumatic disease consist of general, physical, and medical measures. General measures comprise general and local rest of the affected joints and local supports such as splints, corsets, and neck collars. Adjustment of life-style and protection against acute physical trauma and/or chronic overuse of affected joints are included in the... [Pg.659]

The brain is the control center of the body. Although it comprises only 2% of the body mass by weight, it uses 16% of the resting bloods supply requiring ten times the blood flow that the rest of the body needs. Because of its importance to life it is protected from physical trauma by the bony structure of the skull on the outside and from chemical trauma by the highly selective blood-brain barrier from within. [Pg.22]

Diagnostic value of plasma aminotransferases Aminotrans ferases are normally intracellular enzymes, with the low levels found in the plasma representing the release of cellular contents during normal cell turnover. The presence of elevated plasma levels of aminotransferases indicates damage to cells rich in these enzymes. For example, physical trauma or a disease pro cess can cause cell lysis, resulting in release of intracellular enzymes into the blood. Two aminotransferases—ASTand ALT—are of particular diagnostic value when they are found in the plasma. [Pg.249]

Russel, J.A., Roy, M.K. and Sanford, J.C. (1992) Physical trauma and tungsten toxicity reduce the efficiency of biolistic transformation. Plant Physiology 98, 1 050-1 056. [Pg.171]

Physical trauma to the vascular system, such as a puncture or cut, initiates a complex series of interactions between platelets, endothelial cells, and the coagulation cascade. This results in the formation of a platelet-fibrin plug. The creation of an unwanted thrombus involves many of the same steps, except that the triggering stimulus is a pathologic condition in the vascular system rather than physical trauma. [Pg.204]

Stress and exposure to electromagnetic radiation (UV or ionizing radiation) are immunosuppressant. People who bask under artificial UV sun lamps have been found to have suppressed immune responses, as have bereaved individuals. It is known, for example, that the combined effect of exposure to ionizing radiation and physical trauma (burns or wounds) produces a synergistic immunosuppressant effect. [Pg.43]

Goodin DS, Ebers GC, Johnson KP, et al. The relationship of MS to physical trauma and psychological stress Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 1999 52 1737-1745. [Pg.1019]


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