Phtalocyaninate

Absorption spectra of standard solutions of Cyt c was obtained at different concentration. Maximum of absolution was observed at wavelength 410 nm. It is known haemoglobin and other haems have absolution maximum at the same wavelength. For elaboration of selective method of Cyt c determination in semm of mice its reaction with phtalocyanine of copper was investigated. Absorption maximum of Cyt c with Cu phtalocyanine in H SO was observed at wavelength 710 nm. Dependence on optical density at 710 nm against concentration of Cyt c have linear character in range 0.162-10-"-6.49-10 mol/L. 

In the genuine low-temperature chemical conversion, which implies the incoherent tunneling regime, the time dependence of the reactant and product concentrations is detected in one way or another. From these kinetic data the rate constant is inferred. An example of such a case is the important in biology tautomerization of free-base porphyrines (H2P) and phtalocyanins (H2PC), involving transfer of two hydrogen atoms between equivalent positions in the square formed by four N atoms inside a planar 16-member heterocycle (fig. 42). 

Optical spectra of the Ni11 complex (189) show close similarity to those of Ni-phtalocyanines in the low-energy spectral region where the first 7r-7r transition (Q band) occurs.5 9,600 A reduction... 

Meso substitution of porphyrines to give tetraazaporphyrines, so-called porphyrazines, modulates the electronic character of the macrocycle. While porphyrazines have received considerably less attention than porphyrines over many years, this has changed due to the development of efficient syntheses of soluble derivatives.1 6-1809 Also, various porphyrazines (and phtalocyanines) with peripheral groups for metal ion coordination have been prepared and used for the construction of multimetallic complexes.1806 Ni porphyrazines (695) typically show absorptions spectra with a strong Q band at around 615nm. 

Rella R., Rizzo A., Licciulli A., Siciliano P., Troisi L., Valli L., Tests in controlled atmosphere on new oprical gas sensing layers based on Ti02/metal-phtalocyanines hybrid system, Materials Science and Engineering C 2002 22 439-443. 

Coherent optical phonons can couple with localized excitations such as excitons and defect centers. For example, strong exciton-phonon coupling was demonstrated for lead phtalocyanine (PbPc) [79] and Cul [80] as an intense enhancement of the coherent phonon amplitude at the excitonic resonances. In alkali halides [81-83], nuclear wave-packets localized near F centers were observed as periodic modulations of the luminescence spectra. 

Fig. 2.132. Chromatogram of spinach, stored frozen until analysis by HPLC (A) and after acidifying the same pigment extract with 0.2ml M HC1 per 10 ml extract and exposure to air and light for 15 h at 20°C (B). Zinc-phtalocyanine was used as an internal standard (IS). Peak identification 1 = chlorophyll-b 2 = chlorophyll-a x = unknown degradation product 3 = IS 4 = pheophytin-b 5 = pheophytin-a 6 = chlorophyll-b 7 = chlorophyll-a 8 = pheophytin-b 9 = pheophytin-a. Reprinted with permission from T. Bohn et al. [303].

Analyses were carried out using zinc-phtalocyanine as an internal standard. 

T. Bohn and T. Walczyk, Determination of chlorphyll in plant samples by liquid chromatography using zinc-phtalocyanine as an internal standard. J. Chromatogr.A 1024 (2004) 123-128. 

Fig. 3.153. The proposed degradation pathway for copper phtalocyanine dyes using P. chrysosporum (white-rot fungi). Reprinted with permission from A. Conneely el al. [194].

The synthesis of phtalocyanine dyes was followed by CE and the purity and composition of the end product was investigated by the same method. The chemical structure of the newly synthetized zinc phtalocyanine tetrasulphonic acid is shown in Fig. 3.163. An uncoated fused silica capillary (65cm X 75 /.an i.d.) was employed for the separation of dye components. Running buffers were 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 9.4 with ammonia) and 10 mM potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH2P04) (pH = 9.0). Samples were injected hydrodynamically (50 mm for 10 s). Separation was realized in the constant current mode at 30 pA, which required about 28 kV separation voltage. Analytes... 

Fig. 3.163. Structure of zinc phtalocyanine tetrasulphonic acid. Reprinted with permission from J. Schoefield et al. [201].

A. Heinfling-Weidtmann, T. Remtsma, T. Storm and U. Szewczik, Sulfophtalimide as major metabolite formed from sulfonated phtalocyanin dyes by white-rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 203 (2001) 179-183. 

A. Conneely, W.F. Smyth and G. McMullan, Study of the white-rot fungal degradation of selected phtalocyanine dyes by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. Anal. 

J. Schoefield and M. Asaf, Analysis of sulphonated phtalocyanine dyes by capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr.A, 770 (1997) 345-348. 

The impact of the choice of the substrate to be either gold or silver upon a different molecular orientation of rigid moieties within a SAM was recently demonstrated by Somashekarappa and Sampath [107]. They studied the impact of the different orientation of 2,9,6,23-tetraamino cobalt phtalocyanine bound as a SAM onto silver or gold upon their behavior in electrocatalysis. It was found that the different tilt of the phtalocyanine macrocyles and the consequently different accessibility of the metal surfaces and catalytic center results in a different reaction pathway and oxidation products. 

Phtalocyanine dyads (28a,b) and sub-phtalocyanine dyads (30a-c) (Fig. 14) are porphyrin analogs with unique electrochemical properties. Comparison of the redox potentials of (28a) and (28b) with those of model compounds (25) and (29a) and (29b) (see Table 15) indicate that the dyads retain the electronic properties of the individual units. However, all the phtalocyanine-centered processes in both dyads are positively shifted with respect to those of the model phtalocya-nines, (29a,b). Additionally, the observed C6o-centered reduction potentials of both dyads are shifted to more negative values... 

Other platelet crystals with a high aspect ratio are reported for phtalocyanine [5.245], graphite [5.246] and 1,4-diketopyrrolopyrroles [5.247],... 

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