Photonic sensors

Fig. 13.1 Photonic sensors that are either based on MNF sensing ((a),(b), (d), (e), (f)) or use MNF for the input and output connection (c), (g) (j). (a) straight MNF sensor with surrounding evanescent field (b) straight MNF sensor coated with bio or chemical layer and surrounding evanescent field (c) generic structure of MNF based optical sensor with surrounding evanescent field (d) straight MNF sensor (e) MNF loop resonator (MLR) sensor (f) MNF coil resonator (MCR) sensor (g) MNF/microsphere sensor (h) MNF/microdisk sensor (i) MNF/micro cylinder sensor (j) MNF/microcapillary sensor (k) a sensor composed of an MNF coupled to a series of microcylinders (optical fibers)...

The principle of an MNF performance as an optical sensor is based on the variation of the MNF transmission spectrum in response to changes in the ambient medium. More advanced photonic sensors exploiting MNFs allow to enhance these variations and/or to make them more selective. This section briefly reviews the basic theory of simplest resonant photonic sensors. In these devices, an MNF either form an optical resonator or serve as an input and output connection to an optical resonator. These devices include the MLR23-26, the MCR8,26-33, the MNF/micro-sphere resonator34-45, the MNF/microdisk resonators46-49, and the MNF/microcy-linder resonator18,50-54. 

Resonant Photonic Sensors Using MNFs for Input and Output Connections... 

While this book surveys a diversified range of photonic sensor structures, it is certainly impossible in one book volume to provide full coverage of all such structures known to science. Thus plasmonic photonic structures, photonic crystal fibers, and nanoparticles will be covered by other upcoming books in this Springer Series Integrated Analytical Systems. ... 

Hybrid polymer silica nanocomposites formed from various combinations of silicon alkoxides and polymers to create a nanoscale admixture of silica and organic polymers constitute a class of composite materials with combined properties of polymers and ceramics. They are finding increasing applications in protective coatings (Figure 7.1), optical devices, photonics, sensors and catalysis.1... 

Figure 12,9. Multiplexed single-photon sensor network. (From Ref. 39.)...

Chiang, H.K. Photonic Sensor A novel integrated optic DOE... 

Schade W, Bohling C, Hohmann K, Bauer C, Orghici R, Waldvogel SR, Scheel D (2007) Photonic sensors for security applications. Photonic International 32-34... 

The best sensor option is an intrinsically safe fiber-optic photonic sensor system, either infrared or visible spectrum. 

Edwards J Photonic Sensors, Atlanta, Georgia Development of an optical ammonia sensor to measure agricultural emissions. This sensor is capable of detecting ammonia concentrations at the 100 ppb range. Cooperative Agreement... 

From the above discussion, it is evident that BR is a bifunctional electronic material [64] it is sensitive to light as well as to ions such as H+, Cl, and Ca. In the motion detector developed by Miyasaka etal, BR is configured as a photon sensor. In the cyclic-GMP cascade, a photon, via its action on rhodopsin, triggers the hydrolysis of cyclic-GMP, and thus in turn regulates the release of energy stored as a Na+ gradient. The hypothetical trigger mechanism based on the surface potential thus works like a field effect transistor (FET), or more precisely, a phototransistor. 

Some photon sensors provide a response that is actually proportional to the detected intensity. For example, if the average current produced by a Si(Li) detector is taken as the measured parameter it will be given by... 

Bonanno LM, DeLoiuse LA (2010) Integration of a chemically responsive hydrogel into a porous silicon photonic sensor for visual colorimetric readout. Adv Funct Mater 20(4) 573-578... 

Experiments are performed on a rotating cylinder, with a foil wrapped around it. The drum speed was varied by a factor of 4. The airflim is measured with a Photonic Sensor, which is mounted on a device that rotates concentrically with the axis of the drum. The results for 1,2 and 4 times a reference speed are shown in flg. 4. The scaling of h as well as x is affected by the speed. For the sake of comparison all measurements are scaled with the factors belonging to the reference speed. 

In recent years organised assemblies of porphyrins on gold surfaces have attracted considerable attention, mainly directed towards the development of photovoltaic devices, catalysis and photonic sensors [27,143]. 

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