Photolithographic patterning technique

It was also reported that copper could be selectively formed on the pattern PPy electrode by electroless plating [124]. The PPy pattern, which was formed by the photolithographic patterning technique, was first immersed in acidic PdC solution, leading to selective adsorption of the palladium metal particles on the PPy pattern. The PPy pattern coated with palladium metal was then immersed in copper electroless plating solution, producing the selective copper-on-PPy pattern (Figure 8.78). 

Different approaches have been reported for enzyme immobilization and membrane deposition including drop-on techniques [42, 51], ink-jet printing [52] and photolithographically patterned enzyme membranes [53,54]. 

In response to requirements and manufacturing approaches, different patterning techniques have been developed. Photolithographic techniques similar to those used in Si technology [42, 43] are used. Shadow mask techniques are well... 

Bhatia and colleagues [2] used microscale techniques to exert spatial control over cell adhesion at the 1-100 p,m scale to study diverse phenomena in hepatocytes such as the effect of cell spreading on cell behavior and surface topology on cell migration. They developed a photolithographic cell patterning technique to study the relative... 

As an example of a patterning technique in polymers, we will discuss in more detail photoembossing, a photolithographic technique for the generation of polymeric relief structures. In this particular case, the relief structure develops as a result of a material flux induced by a local polymerization. The material flux deforms the surface of the film, which is permanently fixed by the photoinitiated crosslinking process without the interference of a solvent development step [9, 27, 28]. Therefore this principle is attractive in an economic sense for applications that require the structuring of large surfaces. 

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