Photoelectrochemistry semiconductor electrodes

After starting his own laboratory in 1982, the author built microwave measurement facilities with his collaborators and resumed research on microwave electrochemical phenomena. While the potential of combining photoelectrochemistry with microwave conductivity techniques became evident very soon,6,7 it was some time before microwave experiments could be performed at semiconductor electrodes under better-defined microwave technical conditions.8... 

In this chapter we have attempted to summarize and evaluate scientific information available in the relatively young field of microwave photoelectrochemistry. This discipline combines photoelectrochemical techniques with potential-dependent microwave conductivity measurements and succeeds in better characterizing the behavior ofphotoinduced charge carrier reactions in photoelectrochemical mechanisms. By combining photoelectrochemical measurements with microwave conductivity measurements, it is possible to obtain direct access to the measurement of interfacial rate constants. This is new for photoelectrochemistry and promises better insight into the mechanisms of photogenerated charge carriers in semiconductor electrodes. 

Abruna HD, Hope GA, Bard AJ (1982) Semiconductor electrodes XLV. Photoelectrochemistry of n- and p-Type MoTe2 in aqueous solutions. J Electrochem Soc 129 2224-2228... 

Wheeler BL, Leland JK, Bard AJ (1986) Semiconductor Electrodes LX. Photoelectrochemistry of p-ReS2 and p-ReSc2 in aqueous solutions. J Electrochem Soc 133 358-361... 

Kohei Uosaki received his B.Eng. and M.Eng. degrees from Osaka University and his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from flinders University of South Australia. He vas a Research Chemist at Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co. Ltd. from 1971 to 1978 and a Research Officer at Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, U.K. bet veen 1978 and 1980 before joining Hokkaido University in 1980 as Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry. He vas promoted to Associate Professor in 1981 and Professor in 1990. He is also a Principal Investigator of International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) Satellite, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) since 2008. His scientific interests include photoelectrochemistry of semiconductor electrodes, surface electrochemistry of single crystalline metal electrodes, electrocatalysis, modification of solid surfaces by molecular layers, and non-linear optical spectroscopy at interfaces. 

Nazeeruddin, M. K. Graetzel, M. Dyes for Semiconductor Sensitization. In Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry Semiconductor Electrodes and Photoelectrochemistry, Vol. 6 Licht, S., Ed. Wiley-VCH 2002 Darmstadt, pp 407-431. 

Phonon—vibron coupling, 1517 Photoactivity of semiconductor electrodes, 1089 Photoelectrochemistry, 1089 Photoelectrodes, 1088 Photomultiplier tube, 805... 

Eventually, photoelectrochemistry of semiconductors emerged as an autonomous field of electrochemical physics after the works of Dewald (1960) who developed a detailed mechanism for the occurrence of photopotential at a semiconductor electrode. For greater details in the development of this early stage of photoelectrochemistry of semiconductors, the reader is referred, in particular, to the book by Myamlin and Pleskov (1967). 

Solar energy conversion in photoelectrochemical cells with semiconductor electrodes is considered in detail in the reviews by Gerischer (1975, 1979), Nozik (1978), Heller and Miller (1980), Wrighton (1979), Bard (1980), and Pleskov (1981) and will not be discussed. The present chapter deals with the main principles of the theory of photoelectrochemical processes at semiconductor electrodes and discusses the most important experimental results concerning various aspects of photoelectrochemistry of a semiconductor-electrolyte interface a more comprehensive consideration of these problems can be found in the book by the authors (Pleskov and Gurevich,... 

Photoelectrochemistry (PEC) is emerging from the research laboratories with the promise of significant practical applications. One application of PEC systems is the conversion and storage of solar energy. Chapter 4 reviews the main principles of the theory of PEC processes at semiconductor electrodes and discusses the most important experimental results of interactions at an illuminated semiconductor-electrolyte interface. In addition to the fundamentals of electrochemistry and photoexcitation of semiconductors, the phenomena of photocorrosion and photoetching are discussed. Other PEC phenomena treated are photoelectron emission, electrogenerated luminescence, and electroreflection. Relationships among the various PEC effects are established. 

Photoelectrochemistry in general and electrocatalysis at semiconductor electrodes in particular are not considered, since in this field too many unknowns and in general a lack of long-term performance and technical experience render the technical relevance of published data still questionable. Furthermore, the technical applicability and practical relevance of photoelectrochemistry are still disputed a great deal, and no case of this type of energy conversion has yet been technically demonstrated. 

Nazeeruddin MK, Graetzel M (2002) In Licht S (ed) Semiconductor electrodes and photoelectrochemistry. Encyclopedia of electrochemistry, vol 6. Wiley, Weinheim (pp 407-431)... 

Photoelectrochemistry of Nanocrystalline Aggregates of Cyanine Dyes on the Semiconductor Electrodes... 

The present chapter concentrates on the photoelectrochemistry of aggregates of cyanine dyes adsorbed at the semiconductor electrodes with special emphasis given to the difference in the photosensitization action of polymer aggregate species and monomeric dye. 

Electromagnetic radiation, besides being a probe of surface structure, can excite electrons in the species in solution (especially in organic compounds) or in the electrode itself (especially in semiconductor electrodes). This photon excitation can lead to electron transfer between electrode and solution. The study of these phenomena is photoelectrochemistry and can be very important in conversion of solar energy into electricity in order to convert substances (photoelectrolysis). 

Refs. [i] Simpson RE (1987) Introductory electronics for scientists and engineers, 2nd edn. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, chap 4 [ii] Bo-carsly AB, Tachikawa H, Faulkner LB (1996) In Laboratory techniques in electroanalyticalchemistry, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York, chap 28 [iii] Bard A], StratmannM, LichtS (eds) (2002) Semiconductor electrodes and photoelectrochemistry. Encyclopedia of electrochemistry, vol. 6. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim... 

Semiconductor Electrodes and Photoelectrochemistry, Edited by S. Licht, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. 

G. Modes, Y. Mastai, Electrodepostion of Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Materials, in Encyclopedia on Electrochemistry, Vol. 6 Semiconductor Electrodes and Photoelectrochemistry, ed. S. Light, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2001, p. 173. 

Professor in 1981 and Professor in 1990. He is also a Principal Investigator of International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) Satellite, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) since 2008. His scientific interests include photoelectrochemistry of semiconductor electrodes, surface electrochemistry of single crystalline metal electrodes, electrocatalysis, modification of solid surfaces by molecular layers, and non-linear optical spectroscopy at interfaces. 

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