Phosphorus wetlands

In addition to the use of techniques to reduce nutrient run-off at source, entry of nutrients to lakes can be reduced by using pre-lake techniques. These include the use of artificial wetlands on inflow streams, the use of iron salt treatment in pre-lake lagoons or by installing treatment plants to remove phosphorus. 

Giisewell S (2004) N P ratios in terrestrial plants variation and functional significance. New Phytol 164 243-266. doi http //www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10. Ill 1/j. 1469-8137.2004.01192.x Giisewell S, Bailey KM, Roem WJ, Bedford BL (2005) Nutrient limitation and botanical diversity in wetlands can fertilisation raise species richness Oikos 109 71-80. doi http //www.black-well-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13587.x Halsted M, Lynch J (1996) Phosphorus responses of C3 and C4 species. J Exp Bot 47 497-505. 

Improvement and Phosphorus Removal in Wetlands and Sand Filters... 

Nixon, S.W. and Lee, V., in press. Wetlands and water quality. A regional review of recent research in the United States on the role of fresh and saltwater wetlands as sources, sinks, and transformers of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and various heavy metals. Report to the Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS. 

Richardson SM, Weston RF. 1992. White phosphorus contamination of wetlands Effects and options for restoration. In Proceedings of the Federal Environmental Restoration 92,... 

Davis III, S.E., Childers, D.L., Day, J.W., Rudnick, D.T., and Sklar, F.H. (2001) Wetland-water column exchange of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a southern everglades dwarf mangrove. Estuaries 24, 610-622. 

Stribling, J. M., and Cornwell, J. C. (2001). Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur dynamics in a low salinity marsh system dominated by Spartina alternijlora. Wetlands 21, 629—638. 

Laboratory incubations of wetland soils with nitrogen and phosphorus amendments have shown either no elfect or an inhibitory effect on methanogenesis (Bodelier et al., 2000a,b Bridgham and Richardson, 1992 Wang and Lewis, 1992). A low rate of phosphate supply to rice roots stimulated CH4 emission (Lu et al., 1999), while phosphate concentrations 20mM specifically inhibited acetotrophic methanogenesis (Conrad et al., 2000). 

The retention capacity of the riverine wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus is not known. However, the discrepancy between the estimates of total load to the Danube river systems and the calculated transport into the Black Sea (based on measurements in the delta) indicate that even today s significantly reduced river wetlands have an important function in... 

Cooper, W.T. (2002) Electrospray ionization transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of dissolved organic phosphorus species in a treatment wetland after selective isolation and concentration. Analytical Chemistry 74, 500-505. 

Pant, H.K. and Reddy, K.R. (2001) Flydrologic influence on stability of organic phosphorus in wetland detritus. Journal of Environmental Quality... 

Robinson, J.S., Johnston, C.T. and Reddy, K.R. (1998) Combined chemical and P NMR spectroscopic analysis of phosphorus in wetland organic soils. Soil Science 163, 705-713. 

Figure 3.19 contains phosphograms of filterable organic phosphorus isolated from the outlet of the ENR and from within Water Conservation Area 2A. Clearly, the filterable organic phosphorus from the ENR, which is presumably formed within the wetland and is younger , is different from that in Water Conservation Area 2A. In the next section we describe additional mass spectrometry experiments that attempt to qualitatively identify these different organic phosphorus compounds. 

Fig. 3.19. Ion-pair chromatography with phosphorus-specific inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection of organic matter isolated from the Experimental Nutrient Removal (ENR) wetland outflow (dotted line) and Water Conservation Area 2A (solid line). Chromatography conditions and sample preparation as described in Eigs 3.11 and 3.12.

Dissolved organic matter concentration and isolation of filterable organic phosphorus from surface waters at four sites in the ENR were carried out and the resulting concentrates analysed by ultrahigh-resolution FT-ICR with electrospray ionization. These sites represent a gradation in water residence time within the wetland and include the inflow, the conveyance linking Cells 1 and 3, the output from Cell 4, and the integrated ENR outflow (see Fig. 3.9 for reference). Detailed mass analysis of each peak in these spectra allowed several... 

Fig. 3.20. Electrospray ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra of dissolved organic matter isolated from Experimental Nutrient Removal (ENR) wetland outflow before (top) and after (bottom) selective organic phosphorus concentration. Reprinted from Llewelyn etal. (2002) with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Rejmankova, E. and Komarkova, J. (2000) A function of cyanobacterial mats in phosphorus-limited tropical wetlands. Hydrobiologia 431, 1 35-1 53. 

---