Phosphorus and Silicon Containing Flame Retardants

Isobutyl bis(glycidylpropylether) phosphine oxide [77], oligomeric polyalkyl phosphate polyols [64], triacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (TAEP), diacryloyloxyethyl ethyl phosphate (DAEEP) [80] and phosphate methacrylate [80-82] have all been used to improve the flame retardancy of alkyl phosphate type polymers. 

Isobutyl bis(glycidylpropylether) phosphine oxide has been used as a crosslinking agent for phenolic novolac resin [77] in the production of phosphorus containing novolac-epoxy systems. It was shown that samples containing more than 2% phosphorus content produced a VO material, the industry standard for flame retardancy, bnt phosphorus-free polymers and those containing less than 2% phosphorus were consumed in the first ignition. 

Polyalkylene phosphate polyols based PU have flame retarding properties [66]. 

Phosphorus-containing compounds are a family of condensed-phased FR, which are able to increase the conversion of organic matter to char during burning, and, thus 

Therefore, a knowledge of the relationship between the mode of action of phosphorus polymers during degradation and the nature of the flame retardant is very important to an understanding of the basis of flame retardancy [84]. 

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