Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase regulation

Roles of Extrahepatic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Regulation of Gluconeogenesis... 

Sdling, H.D., Kleine, ]., Willms, B, Jansoa G. Kuhn, A. (1973). Relationship between the intracellular distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, regulation of gluconeogenesis and energy cost of glucose formatioa Ear. ]. Biochent, 37, 233-43. 

Hanson, R. W., and Reshef, L., 1997. Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene expression. Annual Review of Biochemistry 66 581-611. 

PEPCK phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase RGS regulators of G protein signaling... 

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP-CK), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is regulated by several hormones, all of which affect the transcription of the PEP-CK gene. Cortisol, glucagon, and thyroxin induce PEP-CK, while insulin inhibits its induction (see p. 158). 

Uptake of Ca2+ into cells, or release of this ion from intracellular stores, is a major regulatory mechanism in many if not all cells (see Section E). Mn2+ activates phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Eq. 13-46) and maybe a regulator of gluconeogenesis.142 Iron controls the synthesis of ferritin and of transferrin receptors137 (Chapter 16). The specific metal ions present in many biological macromolecules are likely to participate in additional regulatory processes. 

Shin DJ and McGrane MM (1997) Vitamin A regulates genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-l,6-bis-phosphatase and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase./owmaZ of Nutrition 127, 1274-8. 

PCK1 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, catalyzes early reaction in carbohydrate biosynthesis, glucose represses transcription and accelerates mRNA degradation, regulated by Mcmlp and Cat8p, located in the cytosol... 

Hayward, R. E. (2000). Plasmodium falciparum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is devel-opmentally regulated in gametocytes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 107, 227-240. 

Insulin inhibits transcription of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). PEPCK is a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis and transcription is the primary means of regulating it. By inhibiting PEPCK transcription, insulin can depress glucose production tremendously. (Conversely, the hormone glucagon, which increases blood glucose levels, stimulates PEPCK transcription.)... 

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) - This enzyme has no known allosteric regulators. The enzyme is controlled by hormonal regulation of its synthesis. The hormone, glucagon, activates transcription of the structural gene for the enzyme. Insulin, on the other hand, inhibits transcription of the gene. 

REGULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION A major action of insulin is the regulation of transcription of more than 100 specific genes. InsuMn inhibits the transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, contributing to insulin s inhibition of gluconeogenesis this effect of insulin may explain why the liver overproduces glucose in the insuhn-resistant state that is characteristic of type 2 DM. 

Fig. 31.17. Regulation of gluconeogenesis in the liver. GK = glucokinase G-6-Pase = glucose 6-phosphatase PK = pyruvate kinase OAA = oxaloacetate PEPCK = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase F-1,6-Pase = fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase F-2,6-P = fructose 2,6-bisphosphate PFK-1 = phosphofructokinase-1.

Asanuma, N. Hino, T. Molecular characterization, enzyme properties and transcriptional regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate kinase in a ruminal bacterium, Selenomonas ruminantium. Microbiology, 147, 681-690 (2001)... 

The number of different lyases reported to interact with or utilize Mn(II) are relatively few. Nevertheless, those that do are important in cell metabolism and regulation. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes... 

McCaffrey, J. Hamilton, J.W. (1994). Developmental regulation of basal and hormone-inducible phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression in chick embryo liver in vivo. Arch Biochem. Biophys., 309, 10-17. 

The correlation between CA formation and manganese limitation in A. niger was studied through transcriptome and proteome profiling. Beside the three already described responses, two novel responses were observed, including strong down regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and two cation transporters. ... 

Friedman JE, Yun JS, Patel YM, McGrane MM, Hanson RW (1993) Glucocorticoids regulate the induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription during diabetes. J Biol Chem 268 12952-12957... 

Cassuto H, Olswang Y, Livoff AF, Nechushtan H, Hanson RW, Reshef L (1997) Involvement of HNF-1 in the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression in the kidney. FEBS Let 412 597-602... 

---