Phosphates, modified titanium

The ion-exchange technique allows to prepare VO modified titanium phosphates. Different vanadium loadings can be obtained by properly controlling the operating exchange conditions and precursor phase. Vanadyl modified titanium phosphates catalysts were found active and selective towards SCR reaction, either as hydrogen or pyrophosphate phase. The results obtained in this paper indicate that the activity of the materi s can be relate to vanadyl species whose redox properties affect the catalytic behaviour. 

Heteropolyacids are frequently used to modify proton-conducting composites,or they are just dispersed in inert matrixes.However, because the proton conduction mechanism of such hydrated salts is similar to those of hydrated polymeric sys-tems, these composites show qualitatively similar transport properties. The same is true for organically modified inorganic layered compounds such as titanium phosphate sulfophenylenphosphonate, the conductivity of which is dependent on the RH value, in a manner similar to that observed with Nafion. ... 

Adhesion promoters are the substances that improve adhesive strength of paints in terms of its resistance against mechanical separation from the painted surface. A large number of different chemical adhesion promoters are available. These include silanes, silicones, titanium compounds, zirconates, amides, imines, phosphates, and specially modified polymers. Furthermore, there are binders, plasticizers, and additives, which have the secondary effect of providing good adhesive strength. Adhesion promoters can be used as additives to the paint formulation, or can be employed in the form of a surface pretreatment. 

There are other microporous solids that are not aluminosilicates hence, they are not zeolites. The titanosili-cates, such as titanium silicalite (TS-1), which are selective catalysts for oxidations, are discussed in Chap. 4. Much work is going into extending these findings to materials with larger pores to accommodate larger substrates for oxidation. Molecular sieves also include the aluminum phosphate (AIPO) family.145 These have been modified by inserting a variety of cations into them, including... 

Most of the reported inorganic fillers used to modify Nafion are composite where the inorganic particles (usually nanoparticles) are located in the membrane bulk. Most of them are prepared using the recast method, where the filler nanoparticles dispersed in a solvent are mixed with Nafion ionomer dispersion in the same solvent or a compatible one. The solution is cast on a Petri dish or a plane surface at high temperature to form the recast composite membrane. An alternative method adopted to prepare Nafion composites with silica [31, 32, 41, 95], functionalized silica [35], and zirconium and titanium phosphate [41], is the in situ sol-gel reaction method, schematized in Fig. 6.5. 

PARK are frequently used without surface modification. There are a significant number of papers and patents which describe PEEK modified with fillers such as hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium phosphates, titanimn coatings or even biomimetic protein and peptide sequences. Some of these are described in reference [2]. However, in HA-filled PARK there is a trade-off between mechanical properties and modified biocompatibility. Various attempts have been made to overcome this limitation - for example by using HA coatings or HA whiskers [3, 4]. Biological modifications would be subject to extremely complex regulatory approval. In fact unmodified PEEK has been shown to be comparable in vitro with the bone forming capacity of titanium [5]. 

Studies performed on alkali phosphate glasses with low content of transition metals, showed that the TM ions (vanadium, chromium, titanium, iron and others) are predominantly found in octahedral coordination, which can be related to a more modifier character of TM ions, as previously reported [68, 76, 77]. Bianconi et al. [78] observed that at low V2O5 concentration (ca. 5mol%) vanadium exists only as six folded V +. This is the more common coordination for ions and it is... 

The polymer film of N,N-dimethylaniline is deposited on the electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode by continuous electrooxidation of the monomer. This film-coated electrode is be used as an amperometric sensor of AA Based on a l-AA biosensor based on ascorbate oxidase. The enzyme is extracted from the mesocarp of cucumber by using 0.05 mol L" phosphate buffei pFl 5.8 containing 0.5 mol L NaCl Methylene blue (MB) is incorporated into titanium phosphate (TiP) after pretreatment of TiP with the gas butylamine. The dye is strongly retained and not easily leached from the layered host matrix. The adsorbed MB on TiP is used to prepare modified carbon paste electrodes (MCPE)... 

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