Phosgene clinical effects

As Teflon is pyrolyzed at a higher temperatures, more variety and higher concentrations of organo-fluoride by-products are noted.50 Among these, PFIB is found to be the most toxic (Exhibit 9-2), with an LCt50 (ie, the vapor or aerosol exposure [concentration time] that is lethal to 50% of the exposed population) of 1,500 mg min/m3 (in comparison, the LCt50 of phosgene is 3,000 mg min/m3).51 Clinical Effects of Exposure to Perfluoroisobutylene... 

Phosgene oxime may be mixed with other chemical agents, which may alter its clinical effects. 

One of the side effects noted in the clinical use of the sulfonamide antibacterial agents was a diuretic effect caused by inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Attempts to capitalize on this side effect so as to obtain agents with greatly enhanced diuretic activity first met success when a heterocyclic ring was substituted for the benzene ring of the sulfonamide. Treatment of the hydrazine derivative, 151, with phosgene leads... 

Treatments that have been proposed to prevent pulmonary edema in exposed-asymptomatic persons include steroids, ibuprofen, V-acetyl cysteine, and positive pressure airway ventilation. However, there is no known antidote for phosgene poisoning, and although animal studies suggest that these treatments may be effective, no clinical data are available to verify efficacy in humans (Borak and Diller,... 

After completing decontamination, the only effective management consists of close observation for the development of respiratory distress and supportive care. There are no known antidotes for pulmonary agent exposure. Patients exposed to phosgene or diphosgene require monitoring for a minimum of 12h because of the possibility of delayed symptoms (2). Strict bed rest is essential for patients with mild and moderate exposmes, because any exertion, even minimal exertion, can shorten the clinical latent period and inaease the severity of respiratory symptoms (8). In symptomatic patients, physical activity can cause clinical deterioration and even death (8). Supportive care consists of managing secretions, bronchospasm, hypoxia, and pulmonary edema. 

---