Phlegmatization

DI(tert-BUTYLPEROXY)PROPANE with at least 13X PHLEGMATIZER 2884 ... 

Pentastit. Trade name for Swiss military expls prepd by phlegmatizing PETN with pentaeiythritol tetra-stearate (called pentaerythrit-tetrastearat in Ger). These expls were manufd by the Schweizerische Sprengstoff Fabrik AG at Dottikon, Switzerland The properties and compns of some Pentastit expls, with and without A1 are reported as follows ... 

Phlegmatization of Explosives. See under Desensitization (Fhlegmatization) of Explosives in Vol 3, D88-L to D90-L, and Microencapsulation in this Vol... 

Amatol 41. AN 52, PH-Salz 30, Ca(N03)2. 4H20 6, RDX 10 Montan wax 2% (Ref 3) Compns contg A1 were particularly suitable for underwater ordnance because they possessed high blast effect. PH-Salz could also be used straight or slightly phlegmatized. In the latter case, it was particularly suitable for use in anticoncrete shells, called Be-Granate (Be is an abbreviation for Beton = concrete)... 

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) (3) is a powerful explosive which exhibits considerable brisance on detonation (VOD 8310 m/s at = 1.77 g/cm ). It is the most stable and least reactive of the common nitrate ester explosives. The relatively high sensitivity of PETN to friction and impact means that it is usually desensitized with phlegmatizers like wax and the product is used in detonation cord, boosters and as a base charge in detonators. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate can be mixed with synthetic polymers to form plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) like detasheet and Semtex-IA. A cast mixture of PETN and TNT in equal proportions is known as pentolite and has seen wide use as a military explosive and in booster charges. The physical, chemical and explosive properties of PETN commend its use as a high explosive. 

The majority of Sprengel s fuels were energetic hydrocarbons. Chlorate-based composite explosives tend to be very sensitive to friction and shock. When mixed with energetic fuels, the chlorate formulations are even more sensitive. To address this problem, historically two paths were taken. The chlorate was either mixed with a nonenergetic hydrocarbon or the mixture was phlegmatized (lubricated) if an energetic fuel was desired. 

Some experimentalists chose to maximize precautions by eliminating energetic fuels and phlegmatizing their mixes. A classic explosive group that took this approach was the Minelites. 

BB1 gives instructions on how to prepare a chlorate-based mixture that is quite prevalent in the anarchist literature. This formulation consists of KCIO3 phlegmatized with Vaseline. Typically this particular formulation is given the nickname Poor Man s C-4. It does not have the power of C-4 but does posses... 

Phlegm Phlegmatic slow and weak Calm insanity... 

M.A. Sadovskii P.F. Pokhil of Russia (as quoted by Baum et al in Ref) detd by means of the ballistic pendulum, represented in Fig 146, p 439 of Ref, specific impulses of several HE s, among them TNT and RDX (phlegmatized) and they proposed tbe following formula for "specific impulse ... 

B.I. Shekhter has shown that, if in deton the chges are placed in an acetyl-cellulose tube with walls 0.15 mm thick, the maximum distance increased by 40-50% (Ref 23, p 766) In the section on detonation by influence in condensed media (Ref 23, pp 771-78), it is reported that E. Burlot conducted in France experiments with 50 g charges of PA (Melinite) loaded at density 1.25 in cardboard cartridges of 28 mm diam. When donor and receptor were separated by air, the distance at 50% explns was 28 cm, whereas for water it was only 4 cm for clay 2.5, sand 1.5, fir tree 3.5 to 4 and steel 1.5 cm Shekhter et al detd in Russia (Ref 23, pp 774-78) deton thru various media from a 35.5 chge of phlegmatized (with.6% wax)... 

Following table gives relation betw density and deton vel, detd by rotating mirror camera, for TNT phlegmatized RDX ... 

Fig 86 of Ref 8, p 290 (shown here as Fig 6) gives relation between log D and log p for TNT (Trotil. in Rus) and RDX (Gheksoghen in Rus), phlegmatized with 5% paraffin. The work was done by Shekhter. D was detd by rotating drum camera. and compared with values calcd from the formula ... 

Kumuliatwnyi Zariad (Shaped Charge). Mixts containing Geksogen (RDX) or TEN (PETN) with TNT or other expls or phlegmatizers were used in Russ shaped charges Ref Gorst (1957), 95, 98 100... 

Explosive Mixtures and Phlegmatized Explosives, Physical Methods for Analyzing the Components of. Discussed in refs Refs l)Author, MP 36, 133-62 (1954) 2)... 

Flegmotlzirovonnyi TEN(Phlegmatized PETN). A mixt of PETN with up to 5% wax or paraffin has been used for loading shaped charges and other shells as well as in detonators Ref Gorst(1957), 95 NewEdn(1972), 132... 

Flegmatizirovdnnyi Trotil (Phlegmatized TNT). A mixt of TNT 94, naphthalene 4 and DNB 2% used during WWII for loading AP shells (brCncboynykh Sn aiiadov)... 

Dinitronaphthalene) 20%, which may he considered as phlegmatized PA (Refs 1, 3, 4 5). It was used both in France and in Russia as a bursting charge in mines, -bombs and shells. A slightly less sensitive and less powerful mixture was Russkaya Srnes (Russian Mixture) (Ref 4), called Russkii Splav (Russian... 

Diethyleneglycol dinitrate, desensitized with not less than 25 percent nonvolatile water insoluble phlegmatizer, by mass 0075... 

RDX and HMX mixtures, wetted with not less than 15 per cent water by mass or RDX and HMX mixtures, desensitized with not less than 10 per cent phlegmatizer by mass 0391... 

Disconnect the cooler and the retort from flask 3 and connect de-phlegmator 4 with thermometer 5 via a ground glass joint to flask... 

According to data from German factories, desensitization ( phlegmatization ) of cyclonite is carried out as follows. A phlegmatizing tank, equipped with a heating or cooling jacket, is filled with 450-5001. of hot water (80-88°C). The stirrer (170 r.p.m.) is then started and 120 kg of recrystallized cyclonite is poured in. Molten montan wax is then introduced in the proportion of 5-10% the weight of cyclonite. 

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