Fuels, energetic

Frank-Kamenetskii first considered the nonsteady heat conduction equation. However, since the gaseous mixture, liquid, or solid energetic fuel can undergo exothermic transformations, a chemical reaction rate term is included. This term specifies a continuously distributed source of heat throughout the containing vessel boundaries. The heat conduction equation for the vessel is then... 

Frankel and co-workers prepared a series of alkyl diazides from the reaction of dihaloalka-nes with sodium azide in DMF at 95 °C, including 1,3-diazidopropane, 1,4-diazidobutane and l,3-diazido-2,2-dimethylpropane. Tris(azidomethyl)amine, an energetic fuel with potential for use in bipropellant propulsion systems, is synthesized from the reaction of tris(chloroethyl)amine with sodium azide." ... 

In the course of this study, several new candidate fuel systems have been synthesized in gram quantities. In the future, it is planned to undertake large-scale S3mtheses of those new hydrocarbons, like 5, whose combustion properties suggest that they might excel as energetic fuels or as fuel additives. 

Segal, C., and W. Shyy. 1996. Energetic fuels for combustion applications. Transactions ofASME — J. Energy Resources Technology 118 180-86. 

Binder (energetic fuel) GAP, BAMO, AMMO, NIMO... 

The majority of Sprengel s fuels were energetic hydrocarbons. Chlorate-based composite explosives tend to be very sensitive to friction and shock. When mixed with energetic fuels, the chlorate formulations are even more sensitive. To address this problem, historically two paths were taken. The chlorate was either mixed with a nonenergetic hydrocarbon or the mixture was phlegmatized (lubricated) if an energetic fuel was desired. 

Some experimentalists chose to maximize precautions by eliminating energetic fuels and phlegmatizing their mixes. A classic explosive group that took this approach was the Minelites. 

Chavez and Hiskey continued their research on 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based explosives and synthesized a number of derivatives which are considered interesting as propellant or smoke-free pyrotechnic ingredients because of their low carbon content, high heat of formation and a density of-1.61 g cm4. One such compound is 3,6-dihydrazino-l,2,4,5-tetrazine which appears to be an important energetic fuel [275, 276]. 

A rapid method to determine the most energetic fuels would be to evaluate their heats of combustion, which is essentially equation IV. A. 1. evaluated for no product dissociation. For rocket considerations one must realize that the heat of combustion of concern is that per unit weight of fuel and oxidizer since the oxidizer must be carried in a rocket system. The normal heat of combustion considered is that per unit weight of fuel. 

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