Additional refs

NITRILE OXIDES. Nitrile oxides are a well known class of compds represented by R.C N- 0, and are usually prepd by treating hydroxamic acid chlorides with a mild alkali, thus eliminating HQ (Ref 2). Wieland (Refs 1 3) was responsible for the first isolation of free nitrile oxides. These compds are somewhat unstable, showing a marked tendency to dimerize to (he corresponding furoxanes (1,3-dipolar addition) (Refs 2 3). The nitrile oxides add to a considerable number of carbenes, as benzonitrUe oxide (for example) to a large number of olefins in ether at 20° (Ref 3)... 

To achieve higher energy in solid proplnts the most notable advances were achieved with the addition of aluminum and beryllium to both double-base and composite proplnts. Energy in this case is commonly equated to high specific impulse. Later developments added aluminum hydride and beryllium hydride to this list. In Table 16, the specific impulse performance of proplnts using AP with various metals and hydrides is compared to those systems without these additives (Ref 43)... 

It is also used as a degreasing solvent for iron and aluminum (Ref 2a), and as a diesel fuel additive (Ref 3a). Proposed uses for NPN are in expls or ammo monoproplnts (Addnl Refs, limited distribution Nos 1,2,4 and 5 to 8)... 

Fatcon. A USAF air-to-air missile produced by the Hughes Aircraft Co, guided either by Additional Refs are listed in Vol 4, p T v A X n L/JUTIV... 

Following ate additional refs of NGu expls A) C. Manuelli St L. Bemardini, USP 1409963 (1922) CA 16, 1868(1922) (Use of NGu and of various NGu Sc Gu salts, such as the chlorate, nitrate and perchlorate, in various expl mixts. Other ingredients may be fuels and oxidizers)... 

Rust (Ref la) patented the use of this other di-c-alkyl peroxides as polymerization catalysts diesel oil additives Refs 1) Beil-not found la) W.E. Vaughan F.F. Rust, USP 2403771(1946) CA 40, 5757(1946) 2) N.A. Milas D.M. Surgenor,... 

Ammonites are apparently no longer manufd in western European countries, but are still very much in use in Russia. Radevich (Ref 16) describes some Russian pre-WWlI ammonites and Bebie(Ref 17) says that ammonites are the main types of expls used in industrial practice in Russia. The following are some Russian ammonites as described in additional Refs 20, 22 and 23 listed below ... 

Nickel affords selective catalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes, dienes, and alkynes. When catalyzed by C. A. Brown s P-2 nickel, prepared by the reduction of Ni(0Ac)2 with NaBH in ethanol, the individual rates as well as the competitive rates appear to be sensitive to the alkene structure as judged by the reported initial rates of hydrogen addition (ref. 23). Alkene isomerization is relatively slow. Except for the most reactive alkenes such as norbornene, the individual hydrogenations seem to be first order in alkene. This indicates that alkenes are more weakly bound to Ni than to Pt or Pd. Similar selectivities are reported by Brunet, Gallois, and Caubere for a catalyst prepared by the reduction of Ni(0Ac)2 with NaH and t-amyl alcohol in THF (ref. 27). 

Diacetyl (DA) is used as a flavour enhancer in the food industry and is currently manufactured from methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in homogeneous systems via an oxime intermediate (ref.1). In principle, DA can also be manufactured by the selective oxidation of MEK and several reports have appeared in the literature which apply heterogeneous catalysts to this task (refs. 2-4). A number of reports have specified the importance of basic or weakly acidic sites on the catalyst surface for a selectively catalysed reaction and high selectivities to DA at moderate conversions of MEK have been reported for catalysts based on C03O4 as a pure oxide and with basic oxides added conversely scission reactions have been associated with acidic oxide additives (refs. 2-4). Other approaches to this problem have included the application of vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts. Ai (ref. 5) has shown that these catalysts also catalyse the selective oxidation of MEK to DA. Indeed this catalyst system, used commercially for the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride (ref.6), possesses many of the desired functionalities for DA formation from MEK, namely the ability to selectively activate methylene C-H bonds without excessive C-C bond scission. 

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