6- phenyl-naphthalene series

Lithium amides, chiral. Koga et al.x have prepared a series of lithium amides of the type in which one carbon atom adjacent to the nitrogen is chiral and bears a bulky group (phenyl, naphthalene, r-butyl). Highest enantioselective deprotonation... 

Dry distillation of the methohydroxide of CCCLXVI led to a series of optically inactive compounds, the ultraviolet spectra of which resemble that of /S-phenyl naphthalene. They were identified as... 

Anthraquinone does not react with phenylhydrazine. On the other hand, benzoquinone, toluquinone, and xyloquinone oxidize phenylhydrazine and are themselves reduced to hydroquinones. Quinones of the benzene and naphthalene series react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in acetic acid with the formation of corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenyhyldrazones or the tautomeric 2,4-dinitrophenylazo compounds. These can be applied (for example, after dilution with water and extraction with benzene or chloroform) directly onto the chromatograms and identified by paper or thin-layer chromatography (20). For the color reaction of 2-methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone with phenyl-p-carboxy- or p-snlfophenylhydrazine with alkali hydroxide see the original literature (21, 22). 

HETE (138) is known to inhibit 5-LO [334]. A group at Revlon created a series of combined 5-LO inhibitors/LT antagonists derived conceptually from the structure of 15-HETE. REV 5901A (139) [335], the best of the series, inhibited 5-HETE release from rat ISN (0.12 //M) and was fairly selective with respect to CO and 12-LO inhibition. The quinoline could be replaced by another lipophilic aromatic group, but potency decreased (naphthalene was 40-fold less potent, and substituted phenyl was 5- to 20-fold less active). Pyridines were active but also less potent 2-pyridyl was only 4-fold less active, while 3- and 4-pyridyl were 20-fold weaker. Ortho-and pnra-substituted phenylene groups were less active. Elimination of the side-chain hydroxyl to the olefin caused a loss of activity, as did the use of shorter alkyl chains. 

The 13C spectra of several 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-, l-phenyl-l,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-, and 1-naphthyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines have been reported in the compilation of Shamma and Hindenlang (7). The chemical shifts that have been assigned to the isoquinoline moieties in these molecules agree with those of similar systems discussed in previous sections of this article. The chemical shifts of the carbon atoms in the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl groups are remarkably similar to those of the same unit in laudanosine (28). In the 1-naphthyl series the spectra of three compounds differently substituted in the naphthalene unit were recorded and assignments made to all carbon atoms. 

Technical Observations. A whole series of altyl and phenyl ethers in the benzene series (also in the naphthalene and anthraquinone series) can be prepared in an analogous manner. While anhydrous methylate gives satisfactory results in the case of nitroanisole, there are other cases (e.g., dinitroanisole from dinitrochloro-benzene) where it is betSr to use caustic potash, the small water content having no deleterious efFect. Moreover, better reswts are often obtained if onb 90 per cent of the calculated quantity of alkali is used. 

The nitro substitution products of naphthalene are easily prepared by the action of nitric acid on the hydrocarbon. By such direct nitration the product obtained is alpha-nitro naphthalene. This is proven by the following series of reactions. Nitro-naphfhalene by reduction yields amino naphthalene, naphthylamine, which by the diazo reaction yields hydroxy naphthalene, naphthol. Now the naphthol so obtained is identical with the one resulting from the phenyl vinyl acetic acid synthesis (p. 768) and this must be the alpha compound. 

The Perkin reaction has been carried out on aldehydes with aromatic rings other than phenyl, including biphenyl, naphthalene, furan, and indole series using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the catalyst. However, the Knoevenagel modification is more useful in these cases.7. 

It was shown that soluble PPI can be synthesised directly from DPTA and series of aromatic diamines containing flexible units, namely 2,2-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane and 2,2-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoro-propane were reported (Scheme 1.2) [5]. Previously these diamines were used successfully in the synthesis of soluble polyimides starting from naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride [14]. 

Series I anthracene, benzene, biphenyl, 1-bromonaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, pyrene, toluene and p-xylene. Series II-IV acetanilide, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzene, benzonitrile, benzyl alcohol, benzylamine, bromobenzene, butyrophenone, hexaphenone, methyl benzoate, methyl phenyl ether, nitrobenzene, propiophenone, toluene and valerophenone. Series V-VI acetophenone, anthracene, benzaldehyde, benzene, benzonitrile, benzyl alcohol, butyrophenone, chlorophenone, naphthalene, nitrobenzene and propiophenone. 

Another method involves excimer fluorescence as a molecular probe see Section 2.9. The question may be raised as to whether polymer blends will become more miscible if the differences in their solubility parameters are reduced. Excimer fluorescence provides some evidence see Rgure 4.14 (52). Here, 0.2 wt.% of poly(2-vinyl naphthalene), P2VN, is dispersed in a series of poly (alkyl methacrylates). These include the following, which are identified in Figure 4.14 by acronym methyl, PMMA ethyl, PEMA n-propyl, PnPMA isopropyl, PiPMA n-butyl, PnBMA isobutyl, PiBMA . yec-butyl, PsBMA ferf-butyl, PtBMA phenyl, PPhMA, isobomyl, PiBoMA benzyl, PBzMA and cyclohexyl, PCMA. Two other host polymers were polystyrene, PS, and poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc. 

Demonstrating that these low oxidation potential aromatic amines are very easy to polymerize, the Dao group subsequently reported [410] chemical polymerization with Cu(Bp4)2 xH20 oxidant/dopant for a series of Poly(N-alkyl-Diphenylamine) s. A 4-4 C-C (phenyl-phenyl) coupling mechanism was claimed for tWs polymerization. These CPs showed poor conductivities (10 S/cm) and a yellow-to-violet electrochromism. In a variant of diis syntliesis, Poly(N-alkyl-diaryl amines), i.e. with a naphthalene group replacing one of the phenyls in DPA, were chemically synthesized by Dao et al. [586]. These polymers however showed poor conductivity (10 S/cm) even in their highly doped form. The spectroelectrochemical characterization of these (see Chapter 3) showed broad-band responses characteristic of P(DPA) and its derivatives. 

To reduce the space between the conjugated side chains, Bradley Carson at Georgia Tech explored the synthesis and properties of a series of naphthalenes that bear oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s side arms at the 1 and 8 positions (Fig. 44b). This was based on a study by House in which he showed that phenyl substituents in these positions of a naphthalene are held in a stacked arrangement [154]. However, substituents... 

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