Phenomenal Physiological Tasks Accomplished

Free-living amoebae (Naegleria, Hartmannella) select as their suitable niches hot springs and tolerate high temperamre and 5 % salinity. In the Polish hot springs used for balneotherapy, Legionella pneumophila coexisted with Naegleria and Hartmanella [1377, 1378]. 

The oxygen-carrier molecules both in the limulus and in the scorpion (Euchelicerates) are the copper-protein hemocyanins [1394]. The hemolymph vascular system of the scorpion takes its anatomical origin in the form of two anterior aortae from a large pumping heart within a pericardium arteries branch off 

Insect respiration is tracheal, meaning there is no lung and no blood vessels are involved, but tracheal micro-branchings (tracheols) carry O2 directly to tissues and cells cellular mitochondria take up the oxygen [1411]. 

Enseal yourself into and fly out of the cocoon. The three stages of insect metamorphosis are pro-nymph, nymph and adult within the cocoon larva, pupa and adult [1415]. The cocoon shell of the silk worm Bombyx mori is soaked with antibacterial proteins [1416]. During metamorphosis, apoptosis and autophagy 

The polyembryonic wasp, Copidosoma Jloridanum, produces thousands of morulae from one fertilized egg. The morulae replicate like a package of stem cells however the genomics of this most remarkable phenomenon is unknown. When the morula divides, one progeny will possess the primordial germ cells (PGC) and this progeny remains fertile. The other progeny, without PGC, will serve as soldiers in an infertile caste [1430, 1431]. 

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