Insect respiration

Insect respiration is tracheal, meaning there is no lung and no blood vessels are involved, but tracheal micro-branchings (tracheols) carry O2 directly to tissues and cells cellular mitochondria take up the oxygen [1411]. 

A variation of this technique, which is applicable to ground equipment, consists of the vaporization and rapid condensation of an insecticide solution to create a fog, which then is carried by air currents to its objective. In this case, the insect respires submiron particles of the insecticide. 

Over 200 organic insecticides, designed to kill insects without excessive danger to humans and animals, are presently in use/ Many of these compounds act by inhibiting cell respiration others uncouple ATP synthesis from electron transport. 

Kamen AA, Bedard C, Tom R, Perret S, Jardin B (1996), On-line monitoring of respiration in recombinant-baculovirus infected and uninfected insect cell bioreactor cultures, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 50 36-48. 

Blomquist, G.J. and Dillwith, J.W. (1985). Cuticular lipids. In Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, ed. G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert, Vol. 3. Integument, Respiration, and Circulation. Oxford Pergamon, pp.117-154. 

Bond, E.J., The action of fumigants on insects. II. The effect of hydrogen cyanide on the activity and respiration of certain insects, Can. ]. Zool., 39,437,1961. 

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