Phenols cyanation

Phenol-formaldehyde resole resins, preparations of, 429 Phenolic-based networks, 376 Phenolic compounds, 62 Phenolic cyanate resins, 418... 

The majority of base materials for circuit boards are combinations of a copper foil with a laminate, where the laminate itself consists of a carrier material and a resin. Thus properties of the base material such as mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and processi-bility are determined primarily by the carrier material. On the other hand, the resin materials are responsible for the thermomechanical and electrical properties as well as for its resistance against chemicals and moisture. Frequently used carrier materials are based on glass and carbon fibers, papers, and polyamide, whereas the majority of the laminating resins are thermosets such as epoxies, phenolics, cyanates, bismaleimide triazine (BT) resins, maleimides, and various combinations of these [13]. 

Gilman, J. W., Morgan, A., Harris, R. Jr., Jackson, C., and Hunter, D. 2000. Phenolic cyanate ester clay nanocomposites Effect of ammonium ion structure flammability and nano-dispersion. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering Preprints 82 276-277. 

The ability to join dissimilar materials de Bruyne originally had in mind the use of adhesives to join combinations of metal, wood, and Gordon Aerolite. However, it is just as valid today when considering the structural bonding of the range of fiber-reinforced composites that are now used in the aerospace industry particularly glass, carbon, and aramid fiber-reinforced epoxy, phenolic, cyanate ester, and PI matrices. 

The following alternative method may be used. Dissolve 0 01 mol of the phenol and 0 01 mol of a-naphthyl wo-cyanate in 20 ml. of light petroleum (b.p. 60-80°), add 2 drops of triethylamine (or, less satisfactorily, 2 drops of pyridine), reflux for 5 minutes, and allow to crystallise. Filter oflF the crystalline sohd through a sintered glass funnel. 

Peroxomonosulfuric acid oxidi2es cyanide to cyanate, chloride to chlorine, and sulfide to sulfate (60). It readily oxidi2es carboxyflc acids, alcohols, alkenes, ketones, aromatic aldehydes, phenols, and hydroquiaone (61). Peroxomonosulfuric acid hydroly2es rapidly at pH <2 to hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid. It is usually made and used ia the form of Caro s acid. 

Ozone can be used to completely oxidize low concentrations of organics in aqueous streams or partially degrade compounds that are refractory or difficult to treat by other methods. Compounds that can be treated with ozone include alkanes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, benzene and its derivatives, and cyanide. Ozone readHy oxidizes cyanide to cyanate, however, further oxidation of the cyanate by ozone proceeds rather slowly and may require other oxidation treatment like alkaline chlorination to complete the degradation process. 

Potamkfe-lmiiWGIass Phenol-formaldehyde Cyanate Ester/Glass... 

CV. See Cyclic voltammogram (CV) Cyanate resins, phenolic, 418 Cyclic dimers, 153... 

Coreactants, in microencapsulation, 16 444 Coreactive curing agents, 10 388-389, 392-411, 418. See also Curing agents amine functional, 10 392 401 carboxylic functional polyester and anhydride, 10 401—406 cyanate ester, 10 411 cyclic amidine, 10 410 isocyanate, 10 410 melamine-, urea-, and phenol-formaldehyde resins,... 

Epoxies - The term "reactive oligomer" is relatively new but the concept is fairly old. This concept has been used for many years with systems such as epoxies, phenolics, unsaturated esters, cyanates, isocyanates and many other crosslinked systems. An example of a 177°C curing epo y system (Narmco s 5208) which was introduced into the marketplace about 1971 is shown in Eq. 1. 

Also, the hard to get in pure form cyanates (211) have been quantitatively obtained by reacting cyanogen chloride (gas-solid) or cyanogen bromide (solid-solid) with phenolates, washing away the salts and drying [92] (Scheme 26). 

Surprisingly it was reported that when potassium cyanate is substituted for sodium cyanate the yields of carbamates are reduced to less than 5 %. The reason for this drastic effect is not known at this time. In addition, the use of other alkali or alkaline metal cyanates in this reaction has not been investigated. The Loev [28] procedure appears applicable to the synthesis of carbamates from primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols (2 hr reaction time affords 60-90% yields), cyclic and acyclic 1,3-diols, phenols, oximes, ald-oximes, and ketoximes, and primary, secondary, and tertiary mercaptans. Carbamates could not be obtained from diphenylethylcarbinol (dehydrated to 1,1-diphenylethylene) or trichloro- and trifluoromethylcarbinols. 

Aryl cyanates585 can be prepared by reaction of phenols with cyanogen halides in the presence of a base ArO + C1CN — ArOCN + Cl. 586 This reaction has also been applied to certain alkyl cyanates.587... 

Aromatic hydrocarbons (including benzene), phenols, and phenolic ethers can be cyanated with trichloroacetonitrile, BrCN, or mercury fulminate Hg(ONC)2.36 In the case of CljCCN,... 

Dimethylamino)phenol, AN87 U-D i methy 1 am i nopheny1 i soth i o-cyanate, AP2U... 

Keywords phenolate, cyanogen chloride, cyanogen bromide, cyanate, gas-solid reaction... 

All the cyanated phenols polymerize by a trimerization mechanism to give cyanurate ring systems ... 

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