Phenolics inhibit replication

Among a large number of natural inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerase, the inhibition by epigallocatechin-3-gallate was competitive with respect to the DNA template-primer and noncompetitive with respect to the 2 -deoxyribonucleotide 5 -triphosphate (dNTP) substrate (Mizushina et al, 2005). Glucopyranosides of kaempferol and quercetin also specifically bind DNA polymerase in vitro, but their action in vivo is not yet proved (Mizushina et al, 2003). 

During division, chronic quercetin exposures lead to early M-phase arrest through disruption of mitotic microtubule polymerization in bovine aortic endothelial cells (Jackson Venema, 2006). Quercetin can also disturb the process of mitosis, causing the formation of multinuclear and giant cells (Pawlikowska-Pawlqga Gawron, 1995). 

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A rather distantly related analogue incorporating a e-di-carbonyl moiety as a bioisosteric replacement for a carboxyl, aril done (55), blocks the uncoating of polio virus and herpes simplex virus type I and thus inhibits infection of cells and i,he early stages of virus replication. Thus effective therapy would require careful timing as it does with amantidine. Alkylation of phenol 53 with 1,6-dibromohexane gives haloether... 

Phenol was reported to induce DNA oxidative damage in human promyelocytic HL60 cells and to inhibit repair of radiation-induced chromosomal breaks in human leukocytes (Morimoto et al., 1976). However, it only slightly inhibited DNA repair synthesis and DNA replication synthesis in WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts (Poirier et al., 1975). 

In a recent investigation of phenolic compounds tested, using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected Vero cells, caffeic acid has been reported to inhibit virus replication [91], In a related study [92], chlorogenic acid significantly inhibited acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 replication without any cytotoxicity. However, flavonoids have exhibited cytotoxicity at the same concentration [92],... 

Chen and Eastmond (1995) showed that benzene metabolites can adversely affect human topoisomerases, enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair. No effect of any metabolite was seen on human topoisomerase I or for topoisomerase II for hydroquinone, phenol, 2,2 -biphenol, 4,4 -biphenol and catechol at concentrations as high as 500 pM. 1,4-Benzoquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol inhibited human topoisomerase II in vitro, at 500 and 250 pM without bioactivation. However, following bioactivation, phenol and 2,2 -biphenol showed inhibitory effects at doses as low as 50 pM, whereas 4,4 -biphenol inhibited topoisomerase II at concentrations of 10 pM. 

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