Phenolic functional polymer enzymatic synthesi

Enzymatic Synthesis of Functional Polymers from Phenols... 

Cardanol was polymerised with SBP in a mixture of acetone buffer (75 25), to form an oily polymer. H-NMR and FTIR analyses indicated that double bonds in the side chain were not affected by polymerisation conditions and polycardanol was a mixture of phenylene and oxyphenylene units (Scheme 12.20) [202]. Epoxide-containing polycardanol was enzymatically synthesised via two routes by two different enzymes, lipase and peroxidase [203]. One route was the synthesis of epoxide-containing cardanol from cardanol, H2O2 and an organic acid in the presence of lipase, followed by the polymerisation of the phenolic functional groups of cardanol using peroxidase. 

In the previous chapter Synthesis of Phenol Polymers Using Peroxidases , the enzymatic oxidative polymerization of monophenolic derivatives is described. This chapter deals with the enzymatic synthesis and properties of polymers from polyphenols, compounds having more than two hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring(s). In particular, cured phenolic polymers (artificial urushi) and flavonoid polymers are examined from the standpoint of the enzymatic synthesis of functional materials. 

An aqueous Friedel-Crafts reaction has also been used in polymer synthesis. The acid-catalyzed polymerization of benzylic alcohol and fluoride functionality in monomeric and polymeric fluorenes was investigated in both organic and aqueous reaction media. Polymeric products are consistent with the generation of benzylic cations that participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Similar reactions occurred in a water-insoluble Kraft pine lignin by treatment with aqueous acid. A Bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is readily emulsified in aqueous medium with an ethylene oxide adduct to a Friedel-Crafts reaction product of styrene and 4-(4-cumyl)phenol as emulsifier.Electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with various aldehydes and ketones proceeded smoothly in water using the hexamethylenetetramine-bromine complex to afford the corresponding Z A(indolyl)methanes in excellent yields.InFs-catalyzed electrophilic substitution reactions of indoles with aldehydes and ketones are carried out in water.Enzymatic Friedel-Crafts-type electrophilic substitution reactions have been reported. ... 

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