Fluoride functions

From the above it can be deduced that, in general, oxyfluorinated PP surfaces give slightly improved adhesion over oxyfluorinated HDPE surfaces. This can be attributed to the greater ease with which PP forms the acyl fluoride functionality during treatment.28... 

The dilithiated species 97 can be used to obtain a Ge=Sn doubly bonded species (Equation (182)), which undergoes a thermal isomerization involving migration of the bulky Tip group (Equation (183)).184 The germa-nium/tin compound 108, which contains a fluoride functionality at tin, can be prepared from Mes2GeH2 (Equation (184)), and this can subsequently be converted into the doubly bonded species 109 which can undergo several additional transformations (Scheme 33).226... 

As hydrogen fluoride functions with equal ease in alkylation with olefins, alkyl halides, or alcohols, and in acylation with acids, acid anhydrides as well as acyl halides, a wide choice of reagents is possible and a separate operation of the reconversion of them is often saved. With aluminum chloride the alkyl halides and acyl halides are the preferred reagents and frequently must be made from more plentiful, cheaper, and readily available substances. 

A general method of introducing the acid fluoride functionality in aryl bromides 12 is their carbonylation under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide in dimethylformamide in the presence of potassium fluoride.33 Several catalytic systems, solvent and the effects of temperature, amount of potassium fluoride used and pressure of carbon monoxide were systematically investigated to find the right conditions to obtain the aroyl fluorides 13. The carbonylation of unactivated aliphatic bromides was unsuccessful. 

N ucleophilic substitution of a-trifluoroniethyiated sulfonates in the presence of a metal fluoride (functioning as a base) proceeds with complete inversion of the configuration. ... 

A reaction in which perchloryl fluoride functions as an ambident electrophile, somewhat analogous to Neeman s oxofluorination, was discovered by Kende and MacGregor on passing FCIOj into a suspension of sodium 2,6-dimethylphenoxide in pentane or toluene at 0°. Workup and chromatography gave 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone, 2,2, 6,6 -tetramethyl-4,4 -diphenoquinone and, in about 20% yield, a new compound characterized as the dimer (3) of 6-fluoro-2,6-dimethyl-... 

An aqueous Friedel-Crafts reaction has also been used in polymer synthesis. The acid-catalyzed polymerization of benzylic alcohol and fluoride functionality in monomeric and polymeric fluorenes was investigated in both organic and aqueous reaction media. Polymeric products are consistent with the generation of benzylic cations that participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Similar reactions occurred in a water-insoluble Kraft pine lignin by treatment with aqueous acid. A Bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is readily emulsified in aqueous medium with an ethylene oxide adduct to a Friedel-Crafts reaction product of styrene and 4-(4-cumyl)phenol as emulsifier.Electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with various aldehydes and ketones proceeded smoothly in water using the hexamethylenetetramine-bromine complex to afford the corresponding Z A(indolyl)methanes in excellent yields.InFs-catalyzed electrophilic substitution reactions of indoles with aldehydes and ketones are carried out in water.Enzymatic Friedel-Crafts-type electrophilic substitution reactions have been reported. ... 

PFSls are chemically converted from the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and perfluori-nated vinyl ether monomers containing a sulfonyl fluoride functional group that can be converted into a sulfonated group in hot aqueous alkali. 

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