Phenol and nitrogen

The diazonium salts usually decompose when warmed with water to give a phenol and nitrogen. When treated with CuCl, CuBr, KI, the diazo group is replaced by chlorine, bromine or iodine respectively (Sandmeyer reaction). A diazonium sulphate and hydroxyl-amine give an azoimide. The diazonium salt of anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid) decomposes to give benzyne. ... 

The original equations for phenolic and nitrogen-containing compounds are 27... 

Acetals and ketals are very important protecting groups in solution-phase synthesis, but only a few constructs have been used as linkers in solid-phase synthesis (Tab. 3.3). The THP-linker (22) (tetrahydropyran) was introduced by Ellman [54] in order to provide a linker allowing the protection of alcohols, phenols and nitrogen functionalities in the presence of pyridinium toluene sulfonate, and the resulting structures are stable towards strong bases and nucleophiles. Other acetal-linkers have also been used for the attachment of alcohols [55, 56]. Formation of diastereomers caused by the chirality of these linkers is certainly a drawback. Other ketal tinkers tike... 

Reed J, Soller H. 1987. Phenolics and nitrogen utilization in sheep fed browse. In Rose M, Ed. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. Brisbane, Australia University of Queensland Press, pp. 47-48. 

It has been also shown that results in a (chlorobenzene + glacial acetic acid) medium are essentially identical with calculated values and correlate better with engine wear than those determined by the ASTM D-664 method. Titration with perchloric acid (ASTM D2986 method) in a levelling mixture of chlorobenzene and glacial acetic acid (2 1, v/v) may determine not only phenolates and nitrogen bases but also carbonates. 

The benzols are treated with sulfuric add or by catalytic hydrorefining to remove compounds containing sulfur (thiophene, mercaptans), oxygen (phenols) and nitrogen pyridine, cyanidesi. The refined product is then distilled to ield crude benzene containing the following hydrocarbons . ... 

Introduction. When a solution of diazonium salt is heated, the diazo group is replaced by a hydroxyl group, giving phenols and nitrogen. This reaction is analogous to the action of nitrous acid on alkylamines at room temperature ... 

In summary, benzene can be reacted with nitrous oxide in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures over ZSM-5 or similar catalysts to give phenol and nitrogen (eq. (1)). 

The effect of para substituents on the OH torsional barrier in phenols and nitrogen inversion barrier in anilines has been examined by Pople and co-workers (8,9). These topics are discussed in Sections V.A.4 and V.A.5. The results show that in a para-substituted benzene, a w donor and a tt acceptor interact favorably with one another whereas the situation of two tt donors leads to resonance saturation and a destabilizing interaction. Wepster et al. (93,94) have reached similar conclusions on the basis of experimental studies. The relative stabilities of ortho-, meta-, and para-disubstituted benzenes for the substituents CN, OH, and F have been studied by von Niessen (66) using a Gaussian lobe minimal basis set. Radom has calculated the effect of substituents on the acidities of phenols and noted good agreement with available gas-phase data (65). 

T. Hanai, K. Koizumi, T. Kinoshita, R. Arora and F. Ahmed, Prediction of pKa values of phenolic and nitrogen-containing compounds by computational chemical analysis compared to those measured by liquid chromatography,/. Chromatogr., A, 1997, 762, 55-61. 

T. Hanai, K. Koizumi and T. Kinoshita, Prediction of retention factors of phenolic and nitrogen-containing compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography based on log P and pKa obtained by computational chemical calculation,/. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. TechnoL, 2000,23, 363-385. 

As the temperature of the thermal treatment is increased to the range 200°C-370°C (390°F-700 F), coals lose a variety of lower-molecular-weight organic species (especially aliphatic compounds), which are believed to arise from moieties that are loosely bound to the more thermally stable part of the coal structure. Some of the lower-molecular-weight aromatic species may also be obtained. At higher temperatures (i.e., 370°C 700°C), methane (indicative of the thermal destruction of the coal structure), polycyclic aromatics, phenols, and nitrogen compounds are produced. 

Figliuolo, R., S. Naylor, J. Wang, and J. H. Langenheim, Unusual nonprotein amino acid and its relationship to phenolic and nitrogenous compounds in Copaifera, Phytochemistry, 26, 3255-3259 (1987). 

Their chemical system takes advantage of the fact that phenylhydrazine is rapidly oxidized to phenyldiimide by ferricyanide ion, and that the phenyldiimide formed reacts very rapidly with oxygen to produce phenol and nitrogen gas. The authors were able to demonstrate that the accumulated reaction products do not alter the sensitivity of the method. 

Circumstantial evidence suggests that the complexation of polyphenols with proteins is modified by carbohydrates, other phenols and nitrogen-containing metabolites. Correspondingly the influence of polyphenols on the properties of plant materials - for example the changes in astringency of fruits as they ripen or in storage - is substantially modified. 

Thallium compounds, especially in the form of thallium(i) and thallium(iii) salts, are ahle to mediate a great numbers of reactions, including oxidative rearrangements of ketones and alkenes, cyclisation reactions, a-oxidation of ketones, aromatic thallations, oxidative couplings, oxidations of phenols and nitrogen compounds and disulfide bond formation, thus, constituting a useful tool in synthetic organic chemistry. However, their application as catalysts has been less explored and there are only a few successful examples reported in the literature. 

Very often, thermoplastics contain minute amounts of metallic compounds which originate from polymerization catalysts, contaminated fillers, polymerization or processing equipment, or metal contact (wire and cable insulators) during the use of the polymer. The interactions between the polymer and metallic substances are complex, but generally result in the accelerated aging of the material. Most metal deactivators are bifunctional stabilizers with phenolic and nitrogen, or phenohc sulfide and phosphite, moieties in their structure, and act by a chelating action which reduces the harmful effects of the metal ions. 

Limiting the content of harmful components (furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde and phenol) and nitrogen in resins. 

Thermal destruction of coal structure occurs there is formation of methane and other alkanes, polycyclic aromatics, phenols, and nitrogen-containing compounds. 

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