Hydrorefining, catalytic

Gulf HDS A process for hydrorefining and hydrocracking petroleum residues in order to make fuels and feeds for catalytic cracking. Developed by the Gulf Research Development Company. See also hydrodesulfurization. 

Thus, in the simultaneous liquefaction and primary catalytic hydrorefining of coal as practiced here, at the point of complete disappearance of hexane-insoluble asphaltenes very large proportions of the original coal remain as nonhydrocarbons in both the total filtered liquid product and in the distillate boiling below 1000°F. At this stage of hydrorefining, an additional input of ca. 2.2 wt % of hydrogen is required to convert all HCl-reactive, basic nonhydrocarbons to hydrocarbons and neutral nonhydrocarbons in the total filtered liquid product and about 1.7% in... 

This chapter reports results of applying a catalytic hydrorefining process to four coal liquids solvent-refined coal (SRC) process filter feed, SRC extract product, Synthoil, and H-Coal process hydroclone underflow. The achieved upgrading is evaluated in terms of reduction in benzene and heptane insolubles, reduction in sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, an increase in hydrogen content, and a yield of lower boiling products. 

Heteroatom Elimination. Sulfur elimination from hydrorefined filtrate varied from 42 wt % at 650°F to 98 wt % under the most severe conditions at 750°F. The data presented in Figure 4 shows a very rapid initial decrease in sulfur content probably related to an initially rapid catalytic conversion of sulfur compounds particularly susceptible to catalytic reaction but thermally stable. Such compounds could be di-... 

The study of catalytic reactions using a batch autoclave reactor has been criticized for long heat-up times and nonsteady-state catalyst activity. This catalyst-comparison study was carried out by injecting coal tar into a preheated autoclave containing precoked catalyst and hydrogen in order to eliminate long heat-up times. Nevertheless, the inherent differences in results between an autoclave and a trickle-bed reactor, which is widely used for hydrorefining of heavy liquids, exist still (5). 

The benzols are treated with sulfuric add or by catalytic hydrorefining to remove compounds containing sulfur (thiophene, mercaptans), oxygen (phenols) and nitrogen pyridine, cyanidesi. The refined product is then distilled to ield crude benzene containing the following hydrocarbons . ... 

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