Phenanthrenes, listing

Fig. 27. Semilogarithmic plot of the nonradiative triplet rate constant against (E— o)/> for the normal and deuterated hydrocarbons listed in Ref. t)). The broken line, derived from phosphorescence spectra, is taken from Ref. t). The slopes of the two solid lines differ by a factor 1.35. (O.Ci-jjH, E = 4000 cm l 0 Ci fl Z>u, =5500 cm t). The following totally deuterated hydrocarbons are included benzene, triphenylene, acenaphtene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, chrysene, biphenyl, p-terphenyl, pyrene, 1,2-benzanthracene, anthracene (in the order of increasing /S). (From Siebrand and Williams, Ref. l)...

GC-MS examination of the PAH fraction of sample S2 (S2-C2) gave very similar results the total ion chromatogram is shown in Figure 5. Major constituents were phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and methyl, dimethyl/ethylphenanthrene/anthracene. Relative abundance of some C2-alkylphenanthrenes/anthracenes were higher in this sample than in S1-C2. Smaller quantities of benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[ajanthracene, tripheny-lene, benzo[b,j, k]fluoranthenes, and benzo[e aJpyrenes and were characterized by MS. In addition, most compounds listed in Table 1 were also detected in this sample. 

Chemical Analysis of Extracts. The extracts were analyzed by capillary column GC-MS for OCs, TAAPs, and PAHs (see the list on page 313). The GC-MS parameters used at the two laboratories are shown in Table II. The identification and quantitation were all done by using automatic routines based on a mass spectra library created from authentic standards of the selected compounds. Compounds were located by searching the reconstructed ion chromatogram for each library entry within a narrow retention time window relative to the internal standard (anthracene-dio or phenanthrene-dio). Quantitation was achieved by comparison of characteristic ion areas in the field samples with ion areas of the internal standard. These ion areas were normalized by response factors established by comparison of ion ratios of a standard mixture of all 66 analytes at a concentration of 2.5 ng//zL. 

A useful and timely supplementary listing of new aporphines, oxoaporphines, phenanthrenes, and 4,5-dioxoaporphines has appeared.1 The alkaloids of Glaucium species, which include several aporphines and oxoaporphines, have been tabulated2 and a general discussion of the chemistry and biogenesis of isoquinoline alkaloids, including the aporphines, has been presented.3... 

To follow this listing of natural phenanthrenes, we include below references to l-(2-aminoethyl)phenanthrenes not yet found in nature. 

S)//(0T)) was found to only increase with increasing B from 0 mT. This MFE was similar to that observed for the intensity (Ej(By) of the transition absorption due to A and could be explained by the HFCM. Tanimoto et al. also observed similar MFEs on the exciplex fluorescence intensity for the polymethylene-linked compounds with A=phenanthrene and D=dimethylaniline [4]. Their Blc values are also listed in Table 8-1. 

Benzene is a major component in PVC pyrolysis. Other aromatic components also are present- In addition to the compounds indicated in Table 6.3.2, heavier aromatic compounds such as naphthacene and benzo[b]phenanthrene were indicated in PVC pyrolysates [23], Also, a more complete list of aromatic compounds generated in pyrolysis during non-flaming burning of PVC is reported in literature [24], Compounds with two, three, four aromatic cycles and even benzo[ghi]perylene (six cycles) are included in this list. 

Chemicals used in this study are listed in Table I. All chemicals were used without further purification. The purity of the naphthalene and phenanthrene were verified by measuring the melting point range of each at atmospheric pressure. 

A complete listing of all naturally occurring aporphines, oxoaporphines, and phenanthrenes is now available and a review on the applications of Pb(OAc)4 to the synthesis of several aporphinoids has appeared. ... 

Opium contains over 50 alkaloids that fall into one of two chemical classes the phenanthrene class, including morphine and related derivatives and the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as papaverine (58,Fig. 7.14 see Ref 291 for a complete listing of alkaloids present in opium). In addition to morphine, which on average accounts for 10-20%of opium, other re-... 

Figure 4.4 Plots of ECD data as In KT2 2 versus 1,000/T. Anthracene and tetracene exhibit multiple a and P regions. They are designated Eql(n/2) for equilibrium compounds with n states and two regions. The curve for pyrene is shown with two states and two regions. The data for phenanthrene are given for comparison Table 4.2 lists the parameters. Data from...

Pollutants List is solely for research purposes. Currently, only a few of the PAHs generated during petroleum processing are used as raw material for other commercial applications. These include naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, with naphthalene and anthracene being the only two with large-scale commercial applications. 

A summary of the hydrocarbon series in the nine DFM and five JP-5 LC fractions are listed in Tables V and VI. The data are qualitative in nature and based on both MS techniques, El and FI. The trends with fraction number are as expected, hydrocarbons with less hydrogen appear in the later fractions. Further, the trend in aromatic ring size was 1 ring (fraction 3), 2 rings (fraction 4), and 3 rings (fractions 5-9). The JP-5 has very little three ring material but the DFM exhibits evidence for considerable amounts of acenaphthenes, fluorenes, and phenanthrenes/ anthracenes. 

Table 27.7 summarizes ranges of the PAH quantitation results and the Pyrogenic Index values for various oil-related samples. For comparison purposes, the ratios of phenanthrene/anthracene are also listed in Table 27.7. Compared to other diagnostic ratios obtained from individual compounds, this index ratio has its own distinct advantages ...

In their chapter [43], K m n and P kanyi discuss main-part isostructurality of cardiotonic steroids. Here, we discuss experimentally measured solid-phase enthalpies of formation of steroids possessing a common (5a)-androstane skeleton (anh-anft-anft-perhydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene). The enthalpies of formation are listed in Table 2. The steroids shown later in Schemes 1 and 2 are related by simple formal reactions which interconvert the various substructure functional groups alcohol <=> ketone, alkene alkane, alkane <=> alcohol, and alkane ketone. The difference between the enthalpies of formation of two steroids is the enthalpy of reactionfs) which interconverts them (Eq. 31) ... 

Q is the activation energy for diffusion. Fig. 5.22 shows this temperature dependence for the diffusion coefficient of phenanthrene in anthracene crystals. In the relatively small temperature range between 400 and 450 K, D changes by a factor of about 100 [35]. Table 5.7 lists measured values of D for self diffusion in naphthalene crystals, and Table 5.8 contains characteristic values for D in naphthalene and anthracene crystals. The two important experimental results are the following ... 

Internal standard reference solutions that contain, with the exception of 1,4-dichlorobenzene-dg, five deuterated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, must be prepared. Table 1.6, adapted from the method, shows which of the semivolatile organics are to be quantitated against phenanthrene-dio as the internal standard. The analytes listed in Table 1.6 all elute from the capillary column over a range of retention times that are close to that of phenan-threne-diQ. 

Table 1.6 List of Priority Pollutant Semivolatile Organics Quantitated with Respect to the Internal Standard Phenanthrene-dio...

---