Phase nanodomain

Note 2 The term domain may be qualified by the adjective microscopic or nanoscopic or the prefix micro- or nano- according to the size of the linear dimensions of the domain. Note 3 The prefixes micro-, and nano- are frequently incorrectly used to qualify the term phase instead of the term domain hence, microphase domain , and nanophase domain are often used. The correct terminology that should be used is phase microdomain and phase nanodomain. 

Among other specific applications of PTs as light-emitting materials, it is necessary to mention microcavity LEDs prepared with PTs 422 and 416 [525,526] and nano-LEDs demonstrated for a device with patterned contact structure, and PT 422 blended in a PMMA matrix that emits from phase-separated nanodomains (50-200 nm) [527,528]. 

Figure 6.3 The chemical compositions for macromolecular objects that result from crosslinking within nanodomains of bulk phase separated block copolymers include (a) core-crosslinked spheres (b) core-crosslinked rods (c) mushroom -shaped objects.

Nanometer scale domain configurations in fe bulk crystals pave the way for a new class of photonic devices. As an example, preliminary calculations show that a uv laser (A = 300 nm) based on second harmonic generation in LiTaC>3 crystal requires a periodic nanodomain superlattice with domain widths of around 700 nm. In addition, the current domain gratings in ferroelectric crystals are suitable only for quasi-phase-matched nonlinear interactions in the forward direction, where the pump and generated beams propagate in the same direction. Sub-micron ferroelectric domain gratings are the basis for a new family of devices based on backward nonlinear quasi-phase-matched optical interactions in which the generated beam travels in a reverse or another non-collinear direction to the incident beam. Non-collinear... 

Figure 10.4 Nanodomain grating (domain period is 410 nm) tailored for integrated optical device in LiNbC>3 crystal by application of dc voltage (U = 2.0kV). (b) Domain grating (domain period is 1180nm) fabricated in the RbTiOPCU crystal for non-collinear quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical converter.

The manifestation of the presence of polar nanodomains in strong rls in terms of the electro-optic effect was first demonstrated by Burns and Dacol [3] in measurements of the T dependence of the refractive index, n. For a normal ABO3 fe crystal, starting in the high-temperature PE phase, n decreases linearly with decreasing T down to Tc at which point n deviates from linearity. The deviation is proportional to the square of the polarization and... 

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