Phase microdomain

Note 2 The term domain may be qualified by the adjective microscopic or nanoscopic or the prefix micro- or nano- according to the size of the linear dimensions of the domain. Note 3 The prefixes micro-, and nano- are frequently incorrectly used to qualify the term phase instead of the term domain hence, microphase domain , and nanophase domain are often used. The correct terminology that should be used is phase microdomain and phase nanodomain. 

Polymeric material whose impact resistance and toughness have been increased by the incorporation of phase microdomains of a rubbery material. 

Although all of the compounds studied form columnar phases, differences between them become apparent according to the metal involved in the complex. Thus, the fluxional complexes (Fe(III)-(6.36) and Mn(III)-(6.36)) exhibit a hexagonal columnar phase (Colli) at low temperatures, whereas the nonfluxional complexes show a rectangular columnar phase (Coif). In the case of the Colh phase, microdomains composed of (A) or (A) configuration are present. This arises due to the possible... 

Thus it has been demonstrated that typically hard anions such as NOj", Cl", and 804 associated with Sr complexed by crown ethers are only partly, if at all, extracted from 1-octanol into l-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)-sulfonyljamide ionic liquid [17]. As a consequence, ligands containing a -SOjNa hard moiety or similar hard anions could be not really soluble in a soft ionic liquid and could form a secondary phase (microdomains). 

As reviewed above, many factors that affect the three-phase microdomain morphology became clear for both linear ABCs and p-ABCs. If the functional polymers are employed instead of model polymers used for the fundamental studies, a variety of functional materials could be produced by utilizing the variety of microdomain morphology. Many ideas to control the morphology of such materials are given in the references. 

In a discussion of these results, Bertrand et al. [596,1258] point out that S—T behaviour is not a specific feature of any restricted group of hydrates and is not determined by the nature of the residual phase, since it occurs in dehydrations which yield products that are amorphous or crystalline and anhydrous or lower hydrates. Reactions may be controlled by interface or diffusion processes. The magnitudes of S—T effects observed in different systems are not markedly different, which indicates that the controlling factor is relatively insensitive to the chemical properties of the reactant. From these observations, it is concluded that S—T behaviour is determined by heat and gas diffusion at the microdomain level, the highly localized departures from equilibrium are not, however, readily investigated experimentally. 

Halogenonitroaromatic compound, 295 Hard-block domain structure, 218-219 Hard-block microdomain, 215 Hard-block/soft-block phase separation, 220... 

However, a PS-fo-PI/PI blend shows direct L G transitions without appearance of the PL phase. The L microdomain is more favourable than the PL phase since the volume fraction of the PI block component and the symmetry of microdomains is increased by the addition of PI homopolymer. Hence, the PL phase may not be formed as an intermediate structure if relatively high molecular weight PI homopolymer is added. The latter is not able to effectively fill the corners of the Wigner-Seitz cells in consequence packing frustration cannot be released and the PL phase is not favoured [152]. In contrast, the addition of low molecular weight PI homopolymer to the minor component of the PL phase reduces the packing frustration imposed on the block copolymers and stabilizes it [153]. Hence, transition from the PL to the G phase indicates an epitaxial relationship between the two structures, while the direct transition between L and G yields a polydomain structure indicative of epitaxial mismatches in domain orientations [152]. 

Fig. 56 Phase diagram of blend of PS-fi-PI with PS. T0dt. o TDMt, Toot- Vertical lines separating microdomain structures are obtained from total volume fraction PS in system. Dashed line results of mean-field calculation for ODT. The OOT line which exists at volume fractions ps 5 ub was obtained during a heating process. From [174]. Copyright 2000 American Chemical Society...

The ability of block copolymers to self-assemble into organized microdomain (MD) structures when the thermodynamic repulsion between the constituents is high enough seems to be fairly well understood. This is particularly true in the case of amorphous diblock copolymers where phase diagrams for particular systems have been successfully predicted and experimentally proven [1-5]. 

The minor phase of block copolymer microdomains are selectively removed by either chemical or physical degradation, thereby generating a defined porosity in crosslinked polymer bulk matrices or thin films... 

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