Phase cycling computer processing

The process for implementation and prospective validation of computer systems outlined in Figure 3 depicts the system application activities within each life-cycle phase and identifies key issues and considerations for each step. The process includes for evaluation of both the computer system product and the system supplier s working methods. The same life-cycle approach may be applied to validate the associated control and monitoring instrumentation [9]. 

This life-cycle phase will normally involve all parts of the computerized operation, not just the computer system. It is therefore essential that other equipment such as operating plant, utilities, and services that are part of or related to the manufacturing process have also been qualified or commissioned to the appropriate level prior to commencing PQ. 

Figure 4 A thermodynamic cycle. The example illustrated here corresponds to a simple ionization, but a similar cycle could be drawn for other reactions. The point of using the cycle is that it is easier to compute the energy changes for the gas phase reaction (step A) and the two hydration processes (steps B and C) than it is to compute the energy for step D (ionization in solution).

Automation allows batch chromatography to be run as a continuous process. Multiple injections using a separate pump and fraction collection provide an opportunity for continuous unattended operation. In iso-cratic separations, sample injection is often made before previously injected product elutes from the column, thus reducing cycle time and solvent consumption. Continuous and automated processes are always used with smaller columns and lower amounts of expensive enantioselective stationary phases. One of the future goals for modern PHPLC optimization would be the creation of software that would allow computer simulation modeling of nonlinear effects in preparative chromatography. 

The above three-phase (namely gaseous reactant injection, deposition and evacuation) cycle is repeated for the whole duration of the P-CVI process until a product is finished. The inlet and outlet valves opening and closing are typically controlled with a computer system. 

The 2" phase (2006-2009) R D activities undertake a SI process optimization and the performance tests of various chemical reactors selected for the SI cycle. The 2" phase research covers a dynamic code development for the SI process, a construction of a lab. scale( l 000 NL/h) SI process, and integrated operations of the process at prototypical pressures. On the other hand, conceptual and basic designs of a pilot scale( 100 Nm /li) SI process and its equipment will also be carried out according to the optimized process established from the theoretical evaluation using a commercial-base computer code and the experiences of the lab. scale construction and operations. Preliminary performance tests of the equipment, mechanical devices, and accessories for the pilot scale SI process should be carried out to obtain the design basis. Not only the several catalysts based on non-noble metals required for section II in the SI cycle but also a membrane for the separation of the hydrogen required for section III will be developed during the 2" phase research period. 

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