Phase contribution

The flux N (a,w) is the Sum of contributions from a gaseous phase flux and a flux due to surface diffusion. The surface diffusion contribution is given by equation (7.7) or, more generally, by the corresponding relation which follows from equation (7.5). For the gaseous phase contribution Feng and Stewart assume flux relations of the dusty gas form, (5.1)- ... 

Liquid and gas phases contributing chemical reaction contributing Gas phase controlling Liquid and gas-phase controlling Liquid phase controlling... 

Several components of the organic phase contribute greatly to the character of the final product. The pore size of the gel is chiefly determined by the amount and type of the nonsolvent used. Dodecane, dodecanol, isoamyl alcohol, and odorless paint thinner have all been used successfully as nonsolvents for the polymerization of a GPC/SEC gel. Surfactants are also very important because they balance the surface tension and interfacial tension of the monomer droplets. They allow the initiator molecules to diffuse in and out of the droplets. For this reason a small amount of surfactant is crucial. Normally the amount of surfactant in the formula should be from 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the monomers, as large amounts tend to emulsify and produce particles less than 1 yam in size. 

M. Marra Fell, Lipid Phase Contributions to Bilayer Barrier Function, Ph.D. dissertation. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 1995. 

Mass transfer in either the stationary or mobile phase is not instantaneous and, consequently, complete equilibrltui is not established tinder normal separation conditions. The result is that the solute concentration profile in the stationary phase is always displaced slightly behind the equilibrluM position and the mobile I se profile is similarly slightly in advance of the equilibrium position. The combined peak observed at the column outlet is broadened about its band center, which is located where it would have been for instantaneous equilibrium, provided the degree of nonequllibrluM is small. The stationary phase contribution to Mass transfer is given by equation (1.25)... 

The strong point of SFG is that the process is forbidden in centrosymmetric media (i.e. media with an inversion center). Therefore it occurs only at interfaces, where the sum-frequency response forms within a region of typically one nanometer thickness. Hence, neither the bulk of the catalyst nor the molecules in the gas phase contribute to the SFG spectrum. 

The working electrode surface in contact with the mobile phase contributes to background current and thereby to noise. For optimum signal-to-noise ratio all wetted working electrode surfaces should therefore contribute to analyte electrolysis as well. 

Let us add the moles of precipitated calcium carbonate as a sixth variable x6, modify the calcium and carbonate conservation equations f2(x) and /3(x) in order to account for solid phase contribution, and use the expression of the solubility product as a sixth equation. The six equations to be solved read... 

Causes of variability Which parameters, such as average time spent in each stage or compound failure probabilities at various phases, contribute the most to the distribution of overall outcomes ... 

The distribution and excretion of tritiated vincristine were studied by Castle and colleagues in rats and dogs (36). These investigators found that the drug was eliminated from the blood of both species in a biexponential manner, with half-lives of approximately 15 and 75 min. The persistence of low levels of radioactivity in the blood at late sampling times suggested that a third, very slow elimination phase contributes to the pharmacoki-... 

In other words, the deformation density can be separated into structure-factor magnitude and structure-factor phase contributions ... 

With Acp = (pltM — phase-factor difference in the phase contribution can be rewritten as... 

Because of the addition of n/2 in the exponent of Eq. (5.30), the waves of the phase contribution are shifted by n/2 relative to those of the amplitude contribution, while their amplitudes are proportional to the phase difference. 

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