Pharmacology mechanism of action

Mechanism of Action Lithium s pharmacologic mechanism of action is not well understood and probably involves multiple effects. Possibilities include altered ion transport, increased intraneuronal catecholamine metabolism, neuroprotection or increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor, inhibition of second messenger systems, and reprogramming of gene expression.29... 

The pharmacological mechanisms of action of NO donors that contribute to their benefit in coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and hypertension are listed in Table 11.1. These actions can be grouped into five categories vasodilation, decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption, improvement in hemodynamic performance,... 

Act by the same pharmacological mechanism of action and may share a common toxic intermediate... 

Pharmacology Mechanism of action is unknown. It differs from benzodiazepines in that it does not exert anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects. It also lacks prominent sedative effects associated with more typical anxiolytics. Buspirone has effects on serotonin, dopamine, and norephinephrine. 

E) A drug with a different pharmacological mechanism of action... 

Botulinum toxin is used in dermatology to reverse deep wrinkles. Its pharmacological mechanism of action in this use is... 

Cholecystokinin (CCK) The tetrapeptide CCK causes more panic attacks when infused into patients with panic disorder than it does in normal volunteers, which suggests increased sensitivity of the brain type of CCK receptor, known as CCK-B. Unfortunately, in early investigations CCK-B antagonists did not appear to be effective for panic disorder. Nevertheless, agents with novel pharmacological mechanisms of action are sometimes evaluated for their potential antipanic actions by testing whether they can block CCK-induced panic attacks. 

These findings from the natural history of untreated Alzheimer s disease and how it is modified by cholinesterase inhibitors should help prescribers set realistic expectations for treatment with AChE inhibitors. The hope is that today s improvements from cholinesterase inhibition will be synergistic when combined with agents of differing pharmacologic mechanisms of action in the future and should be considered a very useful first step in treating this devastating illness. 

In this chapter, we have looked at two topics in cognitive enhancement attention and memory. We have first reviewed the role of dopamine and norepinephrine/ noradrenaline in the neuropharmacology of attention, and then the syndrome of attention deficit disorder as a common problem associated with a disorder of attention. We then discussed the use of stimulants for improving attention, primarily in attention deficit disorder, and reviewed the pharmacological mechanisms of action of methylphenidate, d and 1 amphetamine, pemoline, and secondary therapies such as clonidine and guanfacine. 

Structural features of the barbiturate molecule which are required for its hypnotic, convulsant, and/or anticonvulsant properties have been summarized by Vida and Gerry,381 and numerous studies were devoted to physiological effects and pharmacological mechanisms of action of barbiturates in relation to chemical and stereochemical factors. Some recent articles and reviews are suggested on this fascinating and still incompletely elucidated subject.382 Clearly, the history of barbiturates383 has many paragraphs yet to be written. 

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