Pharmacokinetics drug distribution

DIFFUSION OF LIGAND TO RECEPTOR Drug clearance, dosage, PHARMACOKINETICS Drug distribution kinetics, PHARMACOKINETICS Drug excretion rates,... 

Size and homogeneity of liposomes are important in their use as drug carriers, since these characters affect the pharmacokinetics and distribution of liposomes in vivo. Light scattering, electron microscopy, NMR, and gel filtration are used for evaluating liposomal size and homogeneity (32,33)... 

B. Assael, Pharmacokinetics and drug distribution during postnatal development, Pharmacol. Ther. 18, 159-197 (1982). 

D Shen, M Gibaldi. Critical evaluation of use of effective protein fractions in developing pharmacokinetic models for drug distribution. J Pharm Sci 63 1698-1702, 1974. 

Dispositional antagonism occurs when one drug alters the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, biotransformation, or excretion) of a second drug so that less of the active compound reaches the target tissue. Tor example, phenobarbital induces the biotransformation of warfarin, reducing its anticoagulant activity... 

Use of in vivo Tests. In vivo tests are more relevant indicators than are in vitro tests of immunotoxicity since the dynamic interactions between the various immuno-components, as well as the pertinent pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, plasma concentrations) and metabolic factors, are taken into consideration. However, it is important to select the appropriate animal model and to design the protocol such that it will accurately reflect drug (or relevant metabolite) exposure to humans. For example, one should consider species variability when selecting the animal model, since biological diversity may further obscure the ability to accurately predict human toxicity. 

Yap CW, Chen YZ (2005) Quantitative Structure-Pharmacokinetic Relationships for drug distribution properties by using general regression neural network. J Pharm Sci 94 153-168. 

The Phase I clinical trial is the first experiment in which a drug is tested on the human body. The primary aim of the trial is to assess the safety of the new drug. Other areas of study include pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamics. 

The issues related to pharmacokinetics - drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - have always been important to the success of the drug discovery process. In many cases, not enough attention was paid to these factors in the early stages of the discovery... 

Age-related alterations in pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) have received considerable attention. Thus, physiological changes in elderly patients, when taken together, may contribute to impairments in drug clearance in this segment of the population (Table 6.5). 

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