Pharmacodynamics transition

Sun.Y.N. and W.J. Jusko. 1998. Transit compartments versus gamma distribution function to model signal transduction processes in pharmacodynamics. 

E. D. Lobo and J. P. Balthasar, Pharmacodynamic modeling of chemotherapeutic effects application of a transit compartment model to characterize methotrexate effects in vitro. Am Assoc Pharm Sci Pharm Sci 4(4) 42 (2002). 

Table 41.6 shows the control stream used to implement the model shown in Figure 41.6. This is the cell transit model, which is defined by a simple queuing or gamma function. The model is particularly useful for describing the pharmacodynamics of agents that impact cell growth or turnover or have very long lag times. 

Bruno Ml, Borm JJ, Hock EJ, et al. Gastric transit and pharmacodynamics of a two-milhmeter enteric-coated pancreatin microsphere preparation in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1998 43 203— 213. 

The expected anticholinergic adverse effects occur with trospium chloride as well. Of interest, the freqnency of these events is increased in patients 75 years old and older compared to yonnger subjects. This is believed to be pharmacodynamic in nature (i.e., increased sensitivity) and not pharmacokinetic. There are no data at present to support the hypothesis that trospium chloride is less neurotoxic than non-quaternary-ammoninm anticholinergics (based on the hypothesis of rednced transit across the blood-brain barrier of trospium chloride due to its positive electrical charge on the qnaternary nitrogen). Available dmg-dmg interaction data are clearly inadeqnate. 

In the transitional zones between deficient and sufficient supply, as well as between normal and toxic supply, adaptation reactions occur as described for copper in sheep (Wiener and Field 1970) and for manganese in goats and cattle (Anke et al. 1973). As a consequence, breeds of farm animals which adapted themselves to the local trace element offer came into being. Depending upon the species and the elements involved, there is a pharmacodynamic or therapeutic range between the optimum and toxic element offers of some elements. Well-known examples of the effect of inorganic components in the diet are arsenical compounds in the... 

Goerg, K.J., and T. Spilker. 2003. Effect of pepperrnint oil and caraway oil on gastrointestinal motility in healthy volunteers A pharmacodynamic study using simultaneous determination of gastric and gall-bladder emptying and orocaecal transit time. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17(3) 445-451. 

The purpose of this volume is to survey the pharmacological uses of transition metal complexes and demonstrate the wide variety and applicability of these systems. Pharmacology in this sense includes aspects of both chemotherapy and pharmacodynamics [1], Main group complexes will not be reviewed but much information on these systems is contained in the volume Organometallic Compounds and Living Organisms [2]. The use of platinum salts in cancer, gold salts in rheumatoid arthritis, silver salts as topical antibacterials, and a simple iron complex in heart disease is witness to this diversity. 

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