Pharmaceuticals emulsions and

Coarse dispersion >1.0 pm Particles visible by ordinary microscopy do not pass through normal filter paper or semipermeable membranes Pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions... 

LH Block. Pharmaceutical emulsions and microemulsions. In HA Lieberman, MM Rieger, GS Banker, eds. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Disperse Systems, Vol. 2. New York Marcel Dekker, 1996, pp 47-110. 

Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions, edited by Francoise Nielloud and Gilberte Marti-Mestres... 

Traditionally, monolayer and multilayer adsorption have been used in detergency, mineral processing, flotation, stability of food and pharmaceutical emulsions, and the like, and, as a consequence, the topics of this chapter have been a central part of colloid science. In recent years, however, research on monolayer and multilayer deposition has mushroomed rapidly because of significant new opportunities. 

Miiller, R.H. Jacobs, C. Kayser, O. Nanosuspensions. In Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions Nielloud, F., Marti-Mestres, G., Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 2000. 

Emulsions and suspensions are disperse systems that is, a liquid or solid phase is dispersed in an external liquid phase. While emulsions are sometimes formulated from oily drugs or nutrient oils their main function is to provide vehicles for drug delivery in which the drug is dissolved in the oil or water phase. Suspensions, on the other hand, are usually prepared from water-insoluble drugs for delivery orally or by injection, usually intramuscular injection. An increasing number of modern delivery systems are suspensions - of liposomes or of polymer or protein microspheres, nanospheres or dendrimers, hence the need to understand the formulation and stabilization of these systems. Pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions are in the colloidal state, that is where the particles range from the nanometre size to visible (or coarse) dispersions of several micrometres. 

The requirement for the strict applicability of equations (7.1), (7.2) and (7.4) and subsequent equations is that the particles are monosized, which is rarely the case with conventional pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions. Where particles of two radii, a and a2, interact, equation (7.2) is modified to... 

Salager, J.L. (2000) Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions, Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Salager, J.L. (2000) Formulation concepts for the emulsion maker. In F. Nielloud and G. Marti-Mestres (eds), Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 19-72. 

To illu.straie the previous chapter, practical examples are given here. Our purpose is to review the state of the art of experimental design in fonnulations with emphasis on pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions. We do not intend to deal with all sorts of designs exhaustively but will give some representative examples used in the scope of emulsions and suspensions. This chapter is divided into two parts. Section II covers screening methodology and factor study used in the pharmaceutical held, and Sec. Ill deals with the most common optimizations, particularly centra) composite designs and mixture problems. 

As the editors of this volume—which represents the first complete coverage of pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions—we chose the chapter authors on the basis of their experience and high degree of competence. The book should be useful to pharmacists, graduate students in the pharmaceutical sciences, professionals working in industrial research and development, and all those concerned with the health aspects of emulsions, suspensions, and dispersed systems. 

JL Salager, Emulsion properties and related know how to attain them. In F Nielloud, G Marti Mestres, eds. Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions. New York Marcel Dekker, 2000, Chap. 3, pp 73—125. 

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