Pharmaceutical nanocarrier

Sawant, R. M., Hurley, J. P., Salmaso, S., Kale, A., Tolcheva, E., Levchenko, T. S., and Torchilin, V. P. (2006), SMART drug delivery systems Double-targeted pH-responsive. Pharmaceutical nanocarriers, Bioconjugate Chem., 17, 943-949. 

Kale AA, Torchilin VP (2007) Design, synthesis, and characterization of pH-sensitive PEG-PE conjugates for stimuli-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers The effect of substitutes at the hydrazone linkage on the ph stability of PEG-PE conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 18 363-370... 

This would support the fact that PEG-HZ-PE conjugates containing hydrazone bond derived from the aliphatic aldehyde are more prone to hydrolytic degradation. Aromatic aldehyde-derived hydrazone bond is too stable for the purpose of pH-triggered drug release. Careful selection of an aldehyde and an acyl hydrazide would be necessary for the application of the hydrazone-based chemistry for the development of pH-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers. 

Sawant RM, Hurley JP, Saknaso S, Kale AA, Tolcheva E, Levchenko T, TorchUin VP (2006) Smart drug delivery systems double-targeted pH-responsive pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Bioconjugate Chem 17 943-949... 

Torchilin VP. Targeted pharmaceutical nanocarriers for cancer therapy and imaging. AAPS J 2007 9 E128-E147. 

The advantages of microemulsions such as the ability to entrap hydrophihc as well as hydrophobic moieties, very high interfacial area, the ease of synthesis and scale-up and monodisperse nanostructure make them an ideal template for the synthesis of nanoparticulate systems. The use of microemulsions for various organic reactions (see Chapter 5) and for the formation of inorganic nanostructures (see Chapter 6) is being explored since the last two decades. The potential of microemulsions for synthesising pharmaceutical nanocarriers will be briefly discussed. 

Prasad, D., Chauhan, H., 2010. Pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Pharmacological Reviews 8,... 

Torchilin, V., 2009. Multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 7, 431—444. 

As Torkilin have said, looking into the future of the field of drug delivery, we have to think about the development of the next generation of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, combining different properties and allowing for multiple functions, as new smart generation of DDS (TorchUin 2007). 

A serious limitation with all pharmaceutical nanocarriers, including liposomes, is that the body normally treats them as foreign particles, and thus, they become easily opsonized and removed from the circulation long prior to completion of their function. 

Chemical modification of pharmaceutical nanocarriers with certain synthetic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG, is the most frequent way to impart the in vivo longevity to drug carriers, as was first suggested for liposomes Hydrophilic... 

Liposomes as pharmaceutical nanocarriers find many various applications in addition to already discussed. Thus, the use... 

Torchilin VP (2008) TAT peptide-mediated intracellular delivery of pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60 548-558... 

Torchilin VP (2008) Cell penetrating peptide-modified pharmaceutical nanocarriers for intracellular drug and gene delivery. Biopolymers 90 604—610... 

---