Pharmaceutical industry taxol

Natural products have been identified as the active principle of herbs and extracts used in folk medicine [1], The importance of natural products in the pharmaceutical industry has continued to the present day and is reflected by the fact that close to half of the best selling pharmaceuticals are either natural products (e.g. cyclosporine, Taxol, FK 506) or derivatives thereof [3]. In high throughput screening processes performed by the pharmaceutical industry natural product extracts exhibit a hit rate which is estimated to be substantially higher than the hit rate of random libraries from combinatorial chemistry. Natural products such as epothilones, discodermolide or ecteinascidin are promising clinical candidates for future cancer treatment. 

Gadamasetti, K.G., Ed. Process Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1999. Holton, R.A. Method for preparation of taxol. Eur. Pat. Appl. 1990. 

Claude Helene (INSERM, France) In the field of total synthesis of complex natural compounds, one should not forget that, although ultimately one needs to correlate a synthetic product with the natural material, the exercise produces a large number of intermediates which may be useful for other purposes. For example, the recently reported total synthesis of taxol will obviously not be used by pharmaceutical industry for its commercial production on the other hand, the synthesis has produced many intermediates which may have pharmaceutical, and possibly other, applications such as starting materials for new molecules. 

Besides their essential roles in nature, isoprenoids are of commercial importance in industry. Some isoprenoids have been used as flavors, fragrances, spices, and food additives, while many are used as pharmaceuticals to treat an array of human diseases, such as cancer (Taxol), malaria (artemisinin), and HIV (coumarins). In contrast to the huge market demand, isoprenoids are present only in low abundance in their host organisms. Thus, isolation of the required isoprenoids consumes a large quantity of natural resources. Furthermore, owing to their structural complexity, total chemical synthesis is often not commercially feasible. For these reasons, metabolic engineering may provide an alternative to produce these valuable isoprenoids [88,89]. 

Paclitaxel (Taxol, NSC-125973), obtained from Taxus species, is a diterpene with intense antitumoral activity because of its tmique mode of action on the microtubular cell system. It is one of the most successful anticancer drugs developed in the past 50 years. Due to several difficulties associated with obtaining Taxol and related taxoids firom plants growing in nature, plant cell cultures are considered to be the most favorable and environmentally sustainable approach for its production of at an industrial level. Some pharmaceutical companies, such as the... 

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