Pharmaceutical dosage forms, composition

Glass has been the container of choice for pharmaceutical dosage forms because of its resistance to decomposition by atmospheric conditions or by solid or liquid contents of different chemical compositions [1]. Furthermore, by varying the chemical composition of glass, it is possible to adjust the chemical behavior and radiation protective properties of glass. 

Extensive studies on liposomes date back to the 1960s. Many good comprehensive review references exist on compositions and manufacturing of lipo-somes " including the article Liposomes as Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms in this volume. The earliest commercial liposomal formulations were developed for veterinary application (Novasome, IGI,... 

In the fed state, the onset of MMC is delayed. In other words, feeding results into delayed gastric emptying. The duration of this delay is mainly dependent on the size (light or heavy) and composition (fatty or fibrous) of the meals. Consequently, the fate of pharmaceutical dosage forms is mainly subject to the pattern of GI motility in fasted (or fed) state at the time of dosage administration. 

Lozenges require the same quality assurance and control measures as any pharmaceutical dosage form. Because of their unique composition, however, certain additional methods are necessary. 

Liposomes have shown potential as drug delivery systems. The exact location of a drug molecule in a liposome depends on its physicochemical composition and the composition of the lipids. Water soluble drugs may be included in the aqueous phase, and oil-soluble drugs may be added to the membrane-forming phospholipid. An extensive account of the pharmaceutical use of liposomes is found in the article Liposomes as Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, by Y. Barenholz, and D.J.A., Crommelin, Volume 9 of the first edition of this encyclopedia. ... 

When a medicine is developed, the requirements of the patient are translated into an actual product (see Chap. 17). The qualitative and quantitative composition are chosen, as well as the pharmaceutical dosage form, the preparation method, the container and the accompanying information for the patient. Pharmacy preparations should have a pharmacotherapeutic as well as technically sotmd product design. Formulation, preparation method, container and labelling have to meet the relevant requirements. 

The materials used in the production of hot-melt extruded dosage forms must meet the same levels of purity and safety as those used in traditional dosage forms. Most of the compounds used in the production of hot-melt extruded pharmaceuticals have been used in the production of other solid dosage forms such as tablets, pellets, and transdermals. The materials used in hot-melt extruded products must possess some degree of thermal stability in addition to acceptable physical and chemical stability. The thermal stability of each individual compound and the composite mixture should be sufficient to withstand the production process. 

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