Phalanges

Fleberden s nodes Small bony growths found on the terminal phalanges of the fingers in patients with osteoarthritis. 

A 6. 5-year-old female has swelling and pain in several of the inter-phalangeal (IP) joints of her hand. X-ray examination reveals arthritic changes. Which agent should not be prescribed ... 

Measurement of central (hip and spine) BMD with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis. Measurement at peripheral sites (forearm, heel, and phalanges) with ultrasound or DXA is used only for screening purposes and to determine the need for further testing. 

There is no information on in utero developmental effects in humans exposed to HCB, but oral exposure of young children has caused small or atrophied hands, short stature, pinched facies, osteoporosis of the carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal bones, and painless arthritic changes. HCB has been demonstrated to cross the placenta in humans and in rodents. HCB residues have been detected in human milk and adipose tissue and in the blood of the umbilical cord of newborn infants and their mothers. Teratogenic effects were not... 

Remove right forelimb (clavicle remains with axial skeleton), and examine scapula including tuberositas delteoidea, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, and phalanges from all aspects. 

Examine the hindlimbs from the ventral aspect, and examine femurs, patellae, tibiae, fibulae, metatarsals, and phalanges (talus and calcaneus in rabbits and guinea pigs). 

Down syndrome. A chromosome disorder characterized by a small, antheropos-teriorly flattened skull short, flat-bridge nose epicanthal fold short phalanges widened spaces between the first and second digits of hands and feet and moderate to severe mental retardation. 

Mitochondrial disorders are not commonly regarded as causes of malformations. Facial features included round face, high forehead, small nose, and long flat philtrum, reminiscent of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Limb and trunk involvements included short hands, brachydactyly, hypoplasia of the distal and middle phalanges, hypoplastic nails, and the VACTERL [vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiovascular anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, renal (kidney) and/or radial anomalies, and preaxial limb anomalies (in front of or above the central axis of the limb)] association [50]. 

Calyx lobes not accrescent in fruit stamens mostly uniting into separate phalanges leaves... 

Some examples of implants of aluminium oxide are teeth, teeth anchorings, the head of the hip joint, phalanges of the foot, knee, finger joints, shoulder joints, coating promoting tissue ingrowths and heart valves. 

Transcutaneous Raman spectroscopic measurements using spatially offset optical fibers were reported less than a year later [59, 60]. The test systems were chicken tibiae and the humeri of human cadavers. The use of cadaveric and ex vivo specimens allowed validation of the measurements by comparison to exposed bone tissue. In these measurements a depth of 3-4 mm below the skin was reached. In vivo measurements began with a report of the Raman spectrum of a phalange of a human volunteer [61]. The periosteal surface was probably 1-2 mm below the skin and the mineral phosphate Vi was accurately reproduced, although incomplete separation of mineral and matrix spectra introduced errors in other bands. 

If left untreated, the hyperuricemic state may precipitate an acute attack of gout, which first appears in metatarsal phalangeal joints. Ultimately, tophaceous deposits form in the joints and soft tissues such as the kidneys. The hyperuricemic state may be corrected either by inhibiting the synthesis of uric acid by allopurinol or by enhancing the elimination of uric acid by uricosuric agents. 

Beagles fed Carbaryl in the diet at five dose levels (3.125 to 50 tg/kg/day) throughout gestation, exhibited teratogenic responses at all levels except at the lowest doses. Smalley et al. (1968) reported abdominal-thoracic fissures, brachygnathia, ecaudate pups, failed skeletal formation and extra phalanges. 

Fetlocks of freshly slaughtered steers (age 18 to 20 months) are skinned and the metacarpo-phalangeal joint opened under semi-sterile conditions. With a sterile punch (as used for obtaining skin biopsies) full thickness disks of cartilage are obtained from all accessible cartilaginous areas and their wet weight is assessed. In each well, 1 ml of medium is added, consisting of Ham s F12 supplemented with 10 % FCS... 

See also Anteaters Marsupial cats Marsupial rats and mice Numbat Phalangers Tasmanian devil. 

Oxidation of deferiprone with hypochlorous acid, the major oxidant of neutrophil leukocytes, results in the formation of a chemically reactive species, consistent with the quinone metabolite of deferiprone. Deferiprone-related agranulocytosis presumably results from a T cell-mediated immunological reaction, induced by a reactive metabolite of deferiprone (18). In one case agranulocytosis and systemic vasculitis (with arthritis, palpable purpura of the legs, erythema of the palms and soles, and desquamation of the skin over the distal phalanges) occurred in association with deferiprone (22). 

In the first study, the patients had radiography of the left hand for bone age determination, and 12 had deferoxamine-induced long bone dysplasia (107). There was irregularity at the physeal-metaphyseal junction of the distal ulna (the site most frequently affected) and radius metaphyseal sclerosis was also common, especially of the ulna, but also of the radius, metacarpals, and phalanges. Radiolucent lesions occasionally accompanied metaphyseal sclerosis. In six patients with relatively mild lesions, the dysplastic changes had been missed or not mentioned. 

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