Pfizer, firm

In the context of a program to rednce the number of plants from 93 (status as of 2003) to 66, the company sold its large manufacturing plant in Cruce Da Vila, Puerto Rico, where the API for Celebrex (celecobix) was made, to the biopharmaceutical firm Abaxis for 32.5 million. Abaxis will now lease the chemical raw-material plant back to Pfizer for at least a year to continue the manufacture of the Celebrex API. 

The pharmaceutical industry in industrialized countries experienced a high rate of merger and acquisition activity in the 1980s and 1990s. Most of the leading pharmaceutical firms in the OECD countries are the result of one or more horizontal mergers. For example, Pfizer is the combination of Pfizer, Warner-Lambert, and Pharmacia, which included Upjohn (Danzon, Epstein, and Nicholson 2003). 

Within the pharmaceutical industry itself, the wish of each company s management to see its firm reach what is considered a critical size remained a constant feature as the century came to an end and the new millennium began. It led to new national and transnational mergers. In France, Sanofi (Elf Aquitaine) merged with Synthelabo (L Oreal) and Laboratoires Pierre Fabre with BioMerieux. Elsewhere the Swedish Astra and the British Zeneca combined their operations Pharmacia-Upjohn took control of Monsanto and two giant firms, Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, announced their intention to combine their activities, which would lead to a group with a turnover of 25 billion, exceeded only by Pfizer after its acquisition of Warner Lambert. 

In-house chemical information management systems began to emerge at some of the larger chemical and pharmaceutical firms. These included CONTRAST and SOCRATES at Pfizer, SYNLIB at SmithKline, COUSIN at Upjohn, MSDRL/CSIS at Merck, and CROSSBOW at ICI (27). The Chemical Abstracts database was made available online in 1967 (28). In 1980 this became CAS ONLINE. A compre-... 

The six firms are Merck, Eli Lilly, Syntex, Schering-Plough, Upjohn and Pfizer-... 

Shyam-Sunder, L., Estimates of Cost of Capital and Risk for Firms in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry, paper prepared for Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, December 1991. 

We wish to thank the editor, S. Ahuja, for the original invitation to contribute to this ACS Symposium Series publication, and to be able to enjoy describing some of our recent efforts in the areas of selective and sensitive detection for HPLC/FIA. Much of our own work described here was made possible by various grants and/or contracts to Northeastern University over the past several years. We wish to acknowledge firms who have made such commitments, including Instrumentation Laboratory (Allied Analytical Systems, Inc.), HNU Systems, Inc, Bloanalytlcal Systems, Inc., Pfizer, Inc., EH Science, Inc.,... 

After considerable evaluation, in November 2000, the firm elected to implement the Ariba Buyer e-Procurement System in conjunction with its existing American Express Purchasing Card program to automate its indirect buy. On the back end, they integrated the Ariba system with the Pfizer financial system to optimize payment processing and eliminate steps that added no value. The firm did evaluate electronic marketplace options only to conclude that their scale was so large that such an alternative offered little added value. 

At the center of this development is the Auto-ID Center at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which was founded three years ago and has seen membership grow rapidly to 67 companies interested in just how far this technical enhancement can take them. Sponsors such as Coca-Cola, the U.S. Department of Defense, Pfizer, and Johnson Johnson are just some of the firms poised to take advantage of what could be an excellent tool in the supply chain arsenal. Depending on the results of one test. Home Depot, Inc. reports it could eventually put RFID tags on all of the 50,000 products it sells (Ewalt, 2002, p. 17). One expected feature will be the ability to track items after purchase so manufacturers would find it easier to recall defective goods. Another will be to follow any thefts. 

Chemical firms have played a prominent role in the wave of international M As, accounting for some of the biggest international mergers of the last decade. Recent examples include British Petroleum-Amoco and Exxon-Mobil in the petroleum industry and Astra-Zeneca Group and Pfizer-Wamer Lambert in pharmaceuticals. Among the top ten industries for cross-border M As in 1998, Oil and Gas Extraction and Chemical and Pharmaceuticals industries rank 1st and 7th, respectively (Kang and Johansson (2000)). 

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