Petroleum weakening

This means "Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion" and characterizes the physical explosion of a liquefied gas/supercritical fluid that is brutally decompressed to atmospheric pressure, in case of pressure vessel rupture or opening. Catastrophic BLEVE occurred when liquefied petroleum gases vessels burst (Mexico, Feyzin,...), followed by the "chemical" explosion due to gas cloud inflammation. In fact, this hazard is directly linked to metal weakening in case of fire around the vessel(s). It is the reason why it is recommended to install fire detectors that could order immediate depressurization of the whole plant in case of fire. 

Perhaps the petroleum industry s most widely recognized advantage to using foam as a stimulation fluid is its ability to cleanup the liquid load fluid used to perform the fracture. Upon completion of the fracture treatment, the fracture fluid, after it has broken , should ideally be completely removed from the well. This step ensures that no residual polymers, fines, or unbroken gel will hinder the conductivity of the fracture. Also, a quick cleanup in order to bring the well back onto production is important. Fracture cleanup is accomplished by back-flowing the fluid from the formation to the surface. As the surface pressure is released, the gas within the foam expands, the foam stability is diminished, and the gas—liquid interface weakens. Further release of pressure at the surface will cause a... 

Oil Resistance. This is a special case of fluid resistance. Elastomers may be swollen and weakened by oil. Standard petroleum-based ASTM test oils are used. 

In this equation, Hm refers to atomic hydrogen dissolved in the metal. Reaction (9.13) has been identified as causing damage to installations exposed to pressurized hydrogen at elevated temperatures in the chemical and petroleum industry. The reaction weakens the mechanical strength of the metal and represents a risk of accident. 

Failures or weakening of barriers are frequent causes of undesirable incidents in the petroleum sector. The Petroleum Safety Authority in Norway therefore states in the Management Regulations that the relationship between risk assessments and barrier management must be clarified by the industry (PSA, 2010). This relationship is essential for the successful risk management of operations. 

Starch can be used as a biodegradable additive or replacement material in traditional oil-based commodity plastics. If starch is added to petroleum-derived polymers (e.g., PE), it faciUtates disintegration of the blend, but not necessarily biodegradation of the polyethylene component Starch accelerates the disintegration or fragmentation of the synthetic polymer structure. Microbial action consumes the starch, thereby creating pores in the material that weaken it and enable it to break apart... 

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