Petroleum sources-based biodegradable

The plastics you use may now be based on polylactic acid (PLA) from renewable corn rather than from nonrenewable petroleum sources (ASEE, 2002). PLA-based plastics will be used to manufacture everything from food wrap to car parts to clothing. Because the products are sugar-based, they are biodegradable. 

These environmentally-friendly products include biodegradable and biobased materials based on annually renewable agricultural and biomass feedstock [2], which in turn would not contribute to the shortage of petroleum sources [3]. Biocomposites, which... 

As mentioned previously, biodegradable polymers can be derived from both petroleum and renewable sources. Both types of biodegradable polymers have attracted attention in the industry. Petroleum-based biodegradable polymers may help to overcome the accumulation of non-degradable plastic waste. However, renewable biodegradable polymers not only possess biodegradability, but the polymers are also derived from sustainable sources with environmental credit. 

Renewable resource-based polymers Petroleum-based biodegradable polymers Biodegradable polymer from mixed sources (Bio-/petrobased)... 

The over growing environmental pressure caused by the wide spread consumption of petroleum based polymers and plastics has hastened the development of biodegradable and environmentally acceptable materials. Biopolymers derived from various natural resources such as proteins, cellulosics, starch and other polysaccharides are regarded as the alternate materials. Biodegradable polymeric materials derived from renewable sources are the most promising materials because of their easy availability and cost effectiveness. Biodegradable modified polysaccharides have been found to possess varied applications such as salt resistant absorption of water [109]. 

There are plasticisers developed from renewable sources that are degradable. The Hallgreen plasticiser (diisooctyl sebacate RTD Hallstar Inc) is one such, which is mainly certain ester compounds, and can replace the conventional petroleum-based plasticisers. It does not contain any toxic substances and is completely safe for humans, and also completely biodegradable. Already a number of examples of green, degradable, sustainable plasticisers have been developed and there are also a number of ongoing studies. The most critical one should be the one to replace phthalates. Yearly about... 

Bionanocomposites are an ecological alternative to conventional nanocomposites based on petroleum-derived polymers, as they are based on biodegradable polymers obtained from renewable resources. Biomass is the source of agropolymers like starch and cellulose and also of monomers used to chemically synthesize polymers like polylactic acid (PLA). Other kinds of biopolymers, e.g., xanthan gum and poly (hydroxyalkanoates), are produced by microorganisms. Even though most of the bionanocomposites reported in the hterature are based on layered sihcates, the number of examples illustrating the use of fibrous clays in the preparation of new bionanocomposites is growing rapidly. 

Due to their renewabdity, abundance, biodegradability, non-food agricultural based economy, and low cost, biopolymers such as cellulose fibers remain the promising materials to mitigate the over dependence on petroleum-based sources as the lat-... 

The naturally biodegradable polymers such as starch, chitosan and cellulose derived from natural sources have produced a number of interesting NR blends and IPNs. These blended systems have an advantage in that they create fewer waste disposal problems compared to the petroleum based polymeric materials. The use of stareh blends to enhance the biodegradability of conventional plastics has been reported by many researchers in order to reduce the environmental impaet of petroleum based plastic products and waste. The NR/maize stareh blends exhibited a decrease in their mechanical strength due to the speeifie properties of starch. However, the blended polymers showed a low interfaeial interaetion between the two phases due to the different polarity behaviour of the hydrophobic NR and the hydrophilic starch. 

---