Pest management, concepts

Waters, W. E. and B. Ewing, in "Modeling for pest management concepts, techniques, and applications" Tummala, R.L. ... 

Brenner, R.J. (1997) Spatial analysis in precision targeting for integrated pest management concepts and processes. In 1997 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 3—5 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 50.1-50.4. 

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a system that works in partnership with nature to produce foods efficiently (Upadhyay et al., 1996). The concept began in U.S.A. in the 1950s, and recently resurfaced in popularity. Although many definitions of IPM have been advanced, two elements are critical ... 

The present concepts of pest management have evolved from basic knowledge of the chemical interactions between organisms. 

Belz RG (2007) Allelopathy in crop/weed interactions - an update. Pest Manag Sci 63 308-326 Belz RG (2008) Stimulation versus inhibition - bioactivity of parthenin, a phytochemical from Parthenium hysterophorus L. Int Dose-Response Soc 6 80-96 Belz RG, Vehni ED, Duke SO (2007) Dose/response relationships in allelopathy research. In Fujii Y, Hiradate S (eds) Allelopathy new concepts and methodologies. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, pp 3-29... 

Gradually the concept of Integrated Pest Management developed as an integration of all of the factors impinging on the pest control decision so as to determine when control should be practiced and what would comprise the best method or combination of methods to employ (510). Synthetic chemical pesticides would be relegated to an appropriate role within a holistic program that considers entire ecosystems. 

Its use is in opposition to organic farming practices, although compromises exist in the application of a., e.g., by integrated pest management or the application of natural enemies of phytopatho-genic insects. The concept of a. is to increase the... 

Sower, L. L. Daterman, G. E. Sartwell, C. "Management of Insect Pests with Semiochemicals Concepts and Practice", Mitchell, E. R., Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1981, p. 351. 

The basic concept of resistance management is that resistance gene frequency in a given pest population can be prevented from rising by not selecting so rigorously with insecticides. There may be a number of ways to achieve such an objective ... 

After many years of relative passivity in the face of resistance, a more aggressive concept of "resistance management" has developed considerable momentum in the last decade as it has become clear that new pesticides will not be readily available to replace those lost to resistance. This approach is reviewed elsewhere much more fully than is possible here (21,23-26). There are several critical areas of resistance management where a knowledge of pest biochemistry and physiology is essential ... 

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