Perylene materials

T.K. Hatwar, J.R. Vargas, and V.V. Jarikov, Stabilized white-light-emitting OLED devices employing a stabilizing substituted perylene material, U.S. Patent 2,005,089,714, pp. 21 (2005). 

The surface-enhanced spectrum of mixed thin solid films of metallophthalo-cyanines (MPc M Cu, Co) and bis(n-propylimido) perylene materials fabricated by vacuum coevaporation onto Ag island films was scanned at different laser lines by Aroca et alP. The SERS and SERRS imaging indicate that the dyes of the mixed films were physically adsorbed onto the Ag islands. The SERRS imaging is a useful tool to obtain complementary information about the quality of the films, homogeneity and phase separation. 

LutherW, WinT, Vaessen HAMG, van de KampCG, Jekel AA, Jacob J, and Boenke A (1997). The certification of the mass fractions of pyrene, chrysene, benzo[fe]fluoranthene, benzo[o]pyrene, ben-zo[gW]perylene and indeno[i,2,3-cd]pyrene in two coconut oil reference materials (CRM 458 and CRM 459), BCR Information, Reference Materials. Report EUR 17545 EN, 61 pp. 

Since the discovery of the first organic semiconductor perylene-bromine complex in 1954 [1], a large number of molecular conductors, including more than 100 molecular superconductors, have been prepared. Conducting molecular materials are characterized by the following features ... 

A very efficient energy transfer (producing emission at 613 nm) was observed in PL spectra of the perylene end-capped polymer 361 in solid films. This material had the highest QE (>60%) among the fluorene- perylene polymers, although the performance of its PLED has not yet been reported [434],... 

Attaching perylene moieties as side groups allows achievement of high concentration without affecting the electronic structure of the polymer backbone. Putting 16% perylene moieties as side chains predictably results in more efficient energy transfer, observed with polymer 360, both in solution and solid state (emission band at 599 nm). Although no PLED device with 360 has been reported, this material showed excellent performance in solar cells (external photovoltaic QE = 7%, in blend with PPV) [434]. 

Many large band-gap organic materials have been explored for blue emission. To summarize, they are the distyrylarylene series, anthracenes, perylenes, fluorenes, heterocyclic compounds, and metal complexes. 

Perylene (199) and its derivative (TBP, 200) have been widely used as blue dopant materials owing to their excellent color purity and stability. Efficient blue emitters with excellent CIE coordinates are found in biaryl compound 2,2 -bistriphenylenyl (BTP, 201) as shown in Scheme 3.62 [145]. A device of structure ITO/TPD/BTP/TPBI/Mg Ag emits bright blue emission with CIE (0.14, 0.11). A maximum brightness of 21,200 cd/m2 at 13.5 V with a maximum EQE of 4.2% (4.0 cd/A) and a power efficiency of 2.5 lm/W have been achieved. 

Jiang et al. were the first to report a relatively stable blue OLED based on anthracene derivative JBEM (120) [240]. With the similar OLED structure as that used above by Kodak of ITO/CuPc/NPD/JBEM perylene/Alq/Mg Ag and using JBEM as a blue host material, the device shows a maximum luminance of 7526 cd/m2 and a luminance of 408 cd/m2 at a current density of 20mA/cm2. The maximum efficiency is 1.45 lm/W with CIE (0.14,0.21). A half-life of over 1000 h at initial luminance of 100 cd/m2 has been achieved. The authors also compared the device performance using DPVBI as a host, which gave them a less stable device. 

The primary starting material for the synthesis of perylene tetracarboxylic acid pigments is the dianhydride 71. It is prepared by fusing 1,8-naphthalene dicar-boxylic acid imide (naphthalic acid imide 69) with caustic alkali, for instance in sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide/sodium acetate at 190 to 220°C, followed by air oxidation of the molten reaction mixture or of the aqueous hydrolysate. The reaction initially affords the bisimide (peryldiimide) 70, which is subsequently hydrolyzed with concentrated sulfuric acid at 220°C to form the dianhydride ... 

Direct metal deposition from metallic sources has been extensively used for model catalyst deposition for high-throughput and combinatorial studies. However, these methods are also increasingly used to deposit practical electrocatalyst materials. The best known approach is the one developed by 3M researchers have used physical vapor deposition to deposit Pt and Ft alloys onto nanostructured (NS) films composed of perylene red whiskers. The approach has been recently been reviewed by Debe. ... 

Some fimctionalized materials have also been prepared by coprecipitation at low supersaturation. A perylene chromophore, for example, has been intercalated into LDH in an attempt to prepare stabihzed pigments [40]. Catalyt-ically active species have also been introduced into the interlayers of LDHs by direct synthesis, e.g. the intercalation of (PWi204o) or (SiWi204o) gives catalysts or catalyst precursors containing interlayer polyoxometalate anions [41]. Vein et al. reported the synthesis of Zr-containing LDH-Hke... 

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