Perturbation theory orbital corrections

In the simple case of corner-sharing octahedrons with first-long-period transition metals 3d elements) bridged by one second- or third-period ligand atom, the orbital exchange coupling can be approximated as a perturbation-theory energy correction. 

The result follows from spin orthogonality. It is perfectly clear from experiments on atoms and molecules (Zeeman effect) that singlet-triplet and other apparently spin-forbidden transitions do occur, so we are led to assume that the spin and orbital motions of an electron are not uncoupled. In the above example, the transition moment will never vanish identically if the state with spin-orbit coupling operator ffjo- Assume that the state with index n and spin function a-j can interact with another state, say tn, with spin perturbation theory, the corrected state xi l is given by... 

These compounds have been the subject of several theoretical [7,11,13,20)] and experimental[21] studies. Ward and Elliott [20] measured the dynamic y hyperpolarizability of butadiene and hexatriene in the vapour phase by means of the dc-SHG technique. Waite and Papadopoulos[7,ll] computed static y values, using a Mac Weeny type Coupled Hartree-Fock Perturbation Theory (CHFPT) in the CNDO approximation, and an extended basis set. Kurtz [15] evaluated by means of a finite perturbation technique at the MNDO level [17] and using the AMI [22] and PM3[23] parametrizations, the mean y values of a series of polyenes containing from 2 to 11 unit cells. At the ab initio level, Hurst et al. [13] and Chopra et al. [20] studied basis sets effects on and y. It appeared that diffuse orbitals must be included in the basis set in order to describe correctly the external part of the molecules which is the most sensitive to the electrical perturbation and to ensure the obtention of accurate values of the calculated properties. 

It should be noted that, due to the effect of spin-orbit interaction the correct initial and final states are not exactly the pure spin states. The admixture with higher electronic states j/ may be ignored only if there exists a direct coupling between the initial and final pure spin states. Otherwise, the wave function for the initial state is obtained to first order of perturbation theory as ... 

The expressions (4.22)-(4.23) found in chap. 4 for the isomer shift 5 in nonrelativ-istic form may be applied to lighter elements up to iron without causing too much of an error. In heavier elements, however, the wave function j/ is subject to considerable modification by relativistic effects, particularly near the nucleus (remember that the spin-orbit coupling coefficient increases with Z ). Therefore, the electron density at the nucleus l /(o)P will be modified as well and the aforementioned equations for the isomer shift require relativistic correction. This has been considered [1] in a somewhat restricted approach by using Dirac wave functions and first-order perturbation theory in this approximation the relativistic correction simply consists of a dimensionless factor S (Z), which is introduced in the above equations for S,... 

The theoretical interpretation of the results was made (334) in terms of the molecular orbital perturbation theory, in particular, of the FMO theory (CNDO-2 method), using the model of the concerted formation of both new bonds through the cyclic transition state. In this study, the authors provided an explanation for the regioselectivity of the process and obtained a series of comparative reactivities of dipolarophiles (methyl acrylate > styrene), which is in agreement with the experimental data. However, in spite of similar tendencies, the experimental series of comparative reactivities of nitronates (249) toward methyl acrylate (250a) and styrene (250b) are not consistent with the calculated series (see Chart 3.17). This is attributed to the fact that calculation methods are insufficiently correct and the... 

The actual form of the Hamiltonian operator hp does not have to be defined at this moment. As in standard perturbation theory, it is assumed that the solution of the electronic structure problem of the combined Hamiltonian HKS +HP can be described as the solution y/(0) of HKS, corrected by a small additional linear-response wavefunction /b//(,). Only these response orbitals will explicitly depend on time - they will follow the oscillations of the external perturbation and adopt its time dependency. Thus, the following Ansatz is made for the solution of the perturbed Hamiltonian HKS +HP ... 

There have been several recent attempts to hnd the nuclear corrections to the LiH dipole moment. Papadopoulos et al. [88] used the perturbation theory to calculate the corrections, and Tachikawa and Osamura [57] used the Dynamic Extended Molecular Orbital method to try to calculate the nonadiabatic result directly. Results for these methods are reported in Table XII. In all cases, the calculated values are outside of the range of the experimental results [89, 90], also reported in Table XII. 

The main advantage suggested by the use of the localized many-body perturbation theory (LMBPT) is that the local effects can be separated from the non-local ones. The summations in the corrections at a given order can be truncated. As to the practical applicability of the localized representation, a localization (separation) method, satisfying a double requirement is highly desired. Well-localized (separated) orbitals with small off-diagonal Lagrangianmultipliers are required (Kapuy etal., 1983). 

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