Perovskite ceramic materials

The development of the poling process opened the door to large families of perovskite ceramic materials with properties superior to BaTiOj (BT) for many applications. The major perovskite materials to be utilised over the latter half of the twentieth century were lead-containing ferroelectric ceramic samples derived from lead zirconate PbZrOj (PZ) and lead titanate PbTiOj (PT), including phases in the... 

Mtxed-ronducting dense (nonporous) solid oxide membranes prepared out of appropriate perovskite ceramic materials are such that both ion induction and eleirtron transport can occur through the membrane at h temperatures the material is otherwise impermeable to gases. No voltage is applied across the membrane. 

Microwave Fast Sintering of Double Perovskite Ceramic Materials... 

Microwave Fast Sintering of Doubie Perovskite Ceramic Materials 3 http //dx.doi.org/10.5772/51026... 

Microwave Fast Sintering of Double Perovskite Ceramic Materials 9 http //dx.d0i.0rg/l 0.5772/61026... 

Microwave-sintering of engineered double perovskite ceramic materials... 

D. Meixner, R. Cutler, Low-temperature plastic deformation of a perovskite ceramic material. Solid State Ionics 146(3 ), 285-300 (2002)... 

Certain glass-ceramic materials also exhibit potentially useful electro-optic effects. These include glasses with microcrystaUites of Cd-sulfoselenides, which show a strong nonlinear response to an electric field (9), as well as glass-ceramics based on ferroelectric perovskite crystals such as niobates, titanates, or zkconates (10—12). Such crystals permit electric control of scattering and other optical properties. 

F. Dogan, T. Susuki, P. Jasinski and H.U. Anderson, in Synthesis Properties and Crystal Chemistry of Perovskite Based Materials, W. Wong-Ng, A. Goyal, R. Guo, and S. Bhalla (editors), Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, ACS, Westerville, OH, 2005, p. 39. 

Barium titanate (BaTiOj), a perovskite-type electro-ceramic material, has been extensively studied and utilized due to its dielectric and ferroelectric properties. The wide applications of barium titanates include multiplayer capacitors in electronic circuits, nonlinear resistors, thermal switches, passive memory storage devices, and transducers. In addition, barium titanate can be used for chemical sensors due to its surface sensivity to gas adsorption. 

A broad range of electronic ceramic materials have been prepared by CSD, but three material systems have dominated the field of ferroelectric thin films. These include the perovskites PbZr03-PbTi03 (lead zirconate titanate PZT), BaTi03-SrTi03 (barimn strontium titanate BST), and the layered perovskite SrBi2Ta209 (strontium bismuth tantalate SBT). The extensive solid solubility ranges... 

Many ferroelectric perovskite phases have been reported in Na20-K20-Nb205 and Na20-K20-Ta205 systems and their modifications. However, the only ceramic material to have found application is Nao.sKo.sNbOs for high frequency transducers. ... 

Some ceramic materials are not found widely or at all in nature, and thus are synthesized for use. To prepare more complex ceramic compositions such as perovskites of general structural formula ABO3, and ferrites, of formula MFc204, the individual oxides or salts of the cations A, B, and M are often combined as powders and then reacted at high temperature by a solid-state diffusion mechanism. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) can be manufactured from either the nitridation of silicon metal or from the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with ammonia. Silicon carbide (SiC) is obtained from the reduction of silica with a carbon containing source. 

Solid-solid reactions are the basis of the most frequently used procedures for preparing mixed oxides, especially when the surface areas of the resulting solids are not an important parameter. Indeed, these high-temperature methods are essential for preparing perovskites with special morphologies, such as monocrystals or thin layers. Because this kind of method is most frequently used for the preparation of ceramic materials, it is usually referred to as the ceramic method. ... 

Prepared perovskite-like samples were different in molar ratio of Fe/Co and Sr/Ba. Only such samples were chosen for further analysis which revealed high electronic and conductivity and also provide high density of the ceramic material. Their compositions are presented in Table 1. 

Fig. 8.3 Perovskite crystal structure of oxide ceramic materials used to fabricate composite membranes. A very large fraction of the metals in the periodic table can be substituted into the A and B lattice sites. A-sites contain larger cations such as alkaline earth and rare earths, including Ca, Sr and La, whereas the B-sites contain smaller transition metal cations such as H, Nb, V, Fe, Cr, Cu and Co. A near infinite variety of materials can be synthesized...

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