Permeability surface treatments

Oil reduction in deep-fat-fried products may be obtained through prefrying and/or postfrying treatments. Prefrying treatments are mainly based on the marked effect that the crust microstructure has in oil absorption, and mainly intend to reduce surface permeability. Postfrying treatments aim to remove surface oil before postcooling suction begins. 

In 1988, FOREMOST Solutions installed a pilot-scale permeable reactive treatment (PeRT) wall at the U.S. Department of Defense s (DOD s) Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama. Treatment wall panels were emplaced up to 75 ft below ground surface (bgs) using patented jet-assisted hydraulic fracturing. The project was designed and installed for 210,000 including the supplies and down-hole materials. Field installation was completed in 14 days (D213332, Appendix p. 74). 

Benefits of the technology include avoiding risks to public health and worker safety associated with excavation, surface treatment, transportation, and disposal and gaseous reactants increase permeability of soils to gases thereby allowing gaseous mixtures to invade smaller soil pores to react with soil contaminants. All information has been supplied by the developer and has not been independently verified. 

The technology to fabricate ultrathin high-performance membranes into high-surface-area membrane modules has steadily improved during the modem membrane era. As a result the inflation-adjusted cost of membrane separation processes has decreased dramatically over the years. The first anisotropic membranes made by Loeb-Sourirajan processes had an effective thickness of 0.2-0.4 xm. Currently, various techniques are used to produce commercial membranes with a thickness of 0.1 i m or less. The permeability and selectivity of membrane materials have also increased two to three fold during the same period. As a result, today s membranes have 5 to 10 times the flux and better selectivity than membranes available 30 years ago. These trends are continuing. Membranes with an effective thickness of less than 0.05 xm have been made in the laboratory using advanced composite membrane preparation techniques or surface treatment methods. 

Figure 14 Schematic diagram of a mine-waste impoundment with a combined remediation approach, including a cover to prevent O2 and water ingress, in situ mixing to geochemically stabilize waste, permeable reactive barrier in aquifer to treat subsurface drainage, and wetland for surface treatment of drainage.

Using these fundamental reactions of plasma, many polymer properties such as optical reflection, adhesion, friction coefficient, surface energy (wettability and water repellancy), permeability, and biocompatibility of conventional polymers can be controlled by the appropriate application of a plasma treatment. A typical industrial and large-scale application of this technique is the surface treatment of automobile bumpers. The advantage of this technique is the fact that plasma treatment usually... 

M.A. Osman, A. AtaUah, High-density polyethylene microand nanocomposites effect of particle shape, size and surface treatment on polymer crystalltnity and gas permeability, Macromolecular Rapid Communications 25 (2004) 1540-1544. 

Thermal properties of textiles can be considered as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, and thermal emissivity. They are influenced by fabric properties such as stmcture, density, humidity, material and properties of fibers, type of structure, surface treatment, filling and compressibility, air permeability, and so forth [24]. 

Fabric finishing processes, stabilisation and surface treatments, are carried out to ensure fabric stability and to modify its surface characteristics to regulate the fabric permeability. 

Smithells and Ransley(07) made a study of the effects of oxidation, reduction, polishing, and etching upon the permeability of nickel and iron. Polished nickel membranes were less permeable than oxidised and reduced nickel. Etching increased the permeability of iron more than oxidation and reduction, but oxidation without adequate reduction of the iron poisoned it, and rendered it impermeable to hydrogen. Table 47a gives the data obtained. Another metal, the permeability of which is sensitive to surface treatments, is aluminium, also studied by Smithells and Ransley. The apparatus was so arranged that the aluminium could be... 

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