Permanent dyes formulation

Aromatic amines as a compound class account for many of the known carcinogenic organic chemicals. Perhaps the most widely publicized compounds are benzidine and 3,31-dichlorobenzidine (DCB)(4>5)which until recently were widely used in the manufacture of dyestuffs. Another widely publicized suspected car-cinogenic aromatic amine is 4-methoxy-m-phenylenediamine (MMPDA)(6)which is used as an ingredient in many permanent hair dye formulations. 4,4,-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) or MBOCA(Z)and 4,4-methylenedianiline (MDA) are widely used as curing agents in polyurethane resins and are said to be carcinogenic. ... 

Determination Of MMPDA In Human Urine. MMPDA is widely used in permanent hair dye formulations and has been shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. A question exists as whether or not MMPDA can be absorbed through the scalp to enter the blood stream of persons using the dye. In order to answer this question a sensitive, reliable analytical procedure for MMPDA in urine is needed. For this reason we decided to investigate the usefulness of HPLC/EC in this problem. 

For permanent hair dyes where small shade changes to a lighter color are required, bleaching is also involved. For these systems of permanent dyes, extra peroxide is formulated into the creme developer for the necessary bleaching action. For formulas of this type, see the section of Chapter 6 that describes the formulation of permanent hair dyes. 

Semi-permanent dyes are usually applied to natural, unbleached hair after shampooing. The formulations use mixtures of dyes, blended to the desired shade. It is common to use several dyes of similar colour but with different molecular sizes to provide even coloration. Larger dye molecules tend to be retained by the more damaged tip of the hair, but do not penetrate so readily into the roots, while smaller molecules penetrate the entire hair fibre but wash out of the more porous tip. 

SCCP—Scientific Committee on Consumer Products, 2005, Irtformation Note on the Use of Ingredients in Permanent and Non-Permanent Hair Dye Formulations (Dye Precursors and Direct Dyes), EU Commission, Brussels.[Pg.210]

Permanent hair colors contain an oxidizer (usually 6% hydrogen peroxide) and a dye intermediate (p-phenylenediamine, resorcinol, aminophenols along with water, ammonia, glycerin, isopropanol, and propylene glycol). Semipermanent hair colors contain propylene glycol, isopropanol, fatty acids, fragrance, alkanolamines, and dyes. Some Grecian hair formulations contain lead in the form of lead acetate. 

Permanent hair dyes are often derivatives of an aromatic amine, discovered as a hair dye in 1883, called /Mra-phenylenediamine (H2N-C6H4-NH2), including primary intermediates such as pcirci-aminophenol, dihydroxybenzene, 4-methylaminophenol, tetraaminopyrimidine, 2-aminomethyl-4-aminophenol, and / ara-aminodiphenylamine. The / zrra-phenylenedi-amine compound produces a black color, with its derivative parci- mmo-diphenylaminesulfonic acid used in blond formulations. Couplers are generally aromatic phenols or amines that have an available site that is subject to electrophilic interaction. Typical couplers include chemicals such as resorcinol, wrte-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, mrm-aminophenol,... 

Another important formulation in the cosmetic industry is that used for hair dyeing. Three main steps may be involved in this process bleaching, bleaching and coloring combined as well as dyeing with artificial colors. Hair dyes can be classified into several categories permanent or oxidative dyes, semipermanent dyes and temporary... 

The formulation of almost all permanent hair-dye products uses the so-called oxidative hair dyes. These chemicals are often referred as intermediates, because most of them are uncoloured and produce coloured compounds through a process of oxidative condensation when mixed with oxidizing products just before use. In fact the hair colour is formed when a dye precursor (usually referred to as base or primary intermediate) is oxidized by the oxidizing agent (also known as the developer) to produce an imine, which reacts rapidly with the so-called modifier (also known as coupler). 

It should be pointed out that there are other permanent hair-dye products which produce progressive hair colouration (by reacting with the sulfur of hair keratin) which are not formulated with oxidative hair dyes. The so-called progressive hair-dye products produce gradually a darkening of the hair. Lead acetate and bismuth citrate act as active ingredients in this type of products. 

Uses Bactericide for disinfectant and sanitizer formulations for household, institutional, agric., food processing applies., antiseptic detergents in pharmaceuticals algiclde for swimming pools wood preservatives masonry biocides permanent retarders In dyeing of acrylic fibers phase transfer catalyst surfactant in leather... 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier, solubilizer in detergent formulations for dry cleaning, chlorated detergents and degreasing agents for automotive parts emulsifier for hair dyes, permanents and bleaches, lotion, deodorants solubilizers for bath oils Features Moderate foaming power reduces surface tension does not precipitate in the presence of ions in hard water maintains chemical, physical stability in alkaline or acid environments compat. with non-ionic, anionic, cationic surfactants... 

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