Perivascular edema

Rat (Fischer-344) 4 hr Resp 200 M (increase in protein and lactate dehydrogenase in lavage fluid focal areas of perivascular edema proteinaceous material in the alveoli) Green et al. 1991... 

Toxic symptoms in various animal species were similar and consisted of excitement and hyperactivity tremor spasms slow, labored respiration clonic convulsions and terminal coma. On histologic examination, there was degeneration and necrosis of liver cells and renal tubules, perivascular edema and swelling of the lungs, and degeneration of the cells of the cerebral cortex. 

Sumatriptan Partial agonist at 5-HT1B/1D receptors Effects not fully understood may reduce release of calcitoningene-related peptide and perivascular edema in cerebral circulation Migraine and cluster headache Oral, nasal, parenteral duration 2 h Toxicity Paresthesias, dizziness, coronary vasoconstriction Interactions Additive with other vasoconstrictors... 

CO2 asphyxiation is not recommended since it can cause perivascular edema in the lungs or alveolar hemorrhage. 

Histamine Reiease. Contrast media administered to laboratory animals by either intravenous injection or infusion or local application caused histamine-like reactions endothelial injury (713), changes in vascular permeability (714, 715), and perivascular edema (716). These agents release histamine from tissue mast cells by degranulation (717-720). Leite et al. (721) reported that meglumine io-dipamide and a mixture of sodium and meglumine salts of acetrizoate were more effective... 

Physical changes in the lung after exposure to aerosolized JP-8 may also underlie the altered systemic effects on lymphoid tissue. Robledo and Witten (1999) reported that treatment of mice with substance P, a neurokinin receptor agonist, protected the lungs from the damaging effects of aerosolized JP-8, including increased permeability, epithelial necrosis, and perivascular edema. Substance P administration was also reported to prevent the loss of spleen and thymus cellularity after JP-8 exposure (250-2,500 mg/m3) and to partially restore the proliferative response of spleen cells to Con A + IL-2 (Harris et al. 1997c). 

Inhalation of PFIB is followed by a very rapid toxic effect on the pulmonary tissues (see the section below titled Clinical Pathology), with microscopic changes of perivascular edema evident within 5 minutes.52 Exposure to a very high concentration of this colorless, odorless gas may produce early conjunctivitis53 in animal studies, it has produced sudden death ( lightning death reported by Karpov, which occurred within 1 min).54 No such sudden human deaths have been reported. 

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