Peritoneal carcinoma

Rose PG, Blessing fA, Ball HG, et al. A phase II study of docetaxel in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2003 88 130-135. 

Marchenko, N. D., and Moll, U. M. 1997. Nuclear overexpression of p53 protein does not correlate with gene mutation in primary peritoneal carcinoma. Human Pathol. 28 1002-1006. 

Rose PG, Fusco N, Fluellen L, Rodriguez M. Carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions in patients with ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1998 8 365-8. 

Ozols RF, Schwartz PE, Eifel PJ. Ovarian cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, and peritoneal carcinoma. In Devita VT, Heilman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology, 6th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2001 1597-1632. 

SYNCHRONOUS ENDOMETRIAL AND OVARIAN, TUBAL, AND PERITONEAL CARCINOMAS... 

Levine DA, Argenta PA, Yee CJ, et al. Fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinomas associated with BRCA mutations. J Clin Oncol. 2003 21 4222-4227. 

PEG-PEI- Cholesterol Lipopolymer IL-12 Plasmid EGEN-001 Peritoneal Carcinoma/Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma II NCTOl 118052... 

In an animal study of rats exposed by inhalation to ethylene oxide at 10, 33, or 100 ppm for approximately two years (245), and in a separate chronic rat study in which rats were exposed to 50 or 100 ppm of ethylene oxide (240), increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia, peritoneal mesothelioma, and various brain tumors have been reported. In an NTP (246) two-year inhalation study of mice at 50 and 100 ppm, alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas and adenomas, papillary cystadenomas of the harderian gland, and malignant lymphomas, uterine adenocarcinomas, and mammary gland tumors were increased in one or both exposure groups. 

Intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapeutic agents has been used for many years as a way of increasing the delivery of drugs to tumors (e.g., ovarian carcinoma) located in the peritoneal cavity (Markman, 1986 Howell and Zimra, 1988). Cisplatin (Casper et al., 1983 Markman et al., 1985), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) (King et al., 1984 Markman et al., 1985, 1986), and bleomycin (Markman et al., 1986) are examples of intraperitoneally administered drugs which were already successfully applied in clinical settings. 

Kim et al. (1987) showed that the prolonged retention time of Ara-C in the peritoneal cavity after intraperitoneal administration of the drug in liposomal form as discussed above resulted in better therapeutic effects on intraperitoneally inoculated L1210 cells, as compared to the free drug. The activity of intraperitoneally administered cDDP on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice was increased after encapsulation in neutral liposomes (Sur et al., 1983). The in vivo studies revealed improved antitumor activity and a lower toxicity sifter administration of cDDP liposomes compared to free drug. 

Markman, M., Cleary, S., Lucas, W. E., and Howell, S. B. (1985). Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin and cytosine arabinoside for refractory ovarian carcinoma and other malignancies principally involving the peritoneal cavity, J. Clin. Oncol., 3, 925-931. 

Blood vessels penetrating tumors provide malignant cells with another point at which to enter the circulation. Evidence exists that in situation where cancers disseminate predominantly by the blood, the extent of metastasis depends upon the vasculature of the primary tumor. Thin-walled capillaries, especially those newly formed, provide poor resistance to invading cancer cells. Also, data from microscopy studies show that the endothelium of tumor vessels, particularly in areas of poor oxygenation, is often abnormal (Kl). These abnormalities may permit invasion by neoplastic cells (P3). Finally, tumors can spread by direct extension into body cavities such as pleural and peritoneal spaces. An example of this is the formation of peritoneal metastases from ovarian carcinoma. 

Intracavitary administration of various agents has been used for patients with malignant pleural or peritoneal effusions. Intraperitoneal instillations of cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, and interferon are well tolerated and are being evaluated in patients with ovarian carcinomas, in whom the tumor is frequently restricted to the peritoneal cavity. 

Fischbein A, Luo J-C, Pinkston GR. 1991a. Asbestosis, laryngeal carcinoma, and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in an insulation worker. Br J Ind Med 48(5) 338-341. 

Fig. 37.1 Grey-coloured, medium-coarse tubercular cirrhosis in haemochromatosis with hepatocellular carcinoma in the foreground, white, flat tumour granuloma of the right hepatic lobe with vascularization at the tumour margin and small cancer umbilicus in the background, two additional tumour granulomas. Carcinomas infiltrating the peritoneal serosa in the right upper abdomen...

Fig. 37.21 Pronounced peritoneal metastasis (with simultaneous liver metastases) in ovarian carcinoma...

Fig. 37.22 Chylous ascites, greenish-coloured due to bile, in colon carcinoma, with metastases in the liver and peritoneal cavity...

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