Perfluoroalkyl properties

Perfluoroalkyl derivatives have important technical uses, e.g. sulphonic acids as surfactants introduction of perfluoroalkyl groups confers useful properties on many drugs. 

FLUOROTRIAZINES Riag-fluoriaated triaziaes are used ia fiber-reactive dyes. Perfluoroalkyl triaziaes are offered commercially as mass spectral markers and have been iatensively evaluated for elastomer and hydraulic fluid appHcations. Physical properties of representative fluorotriaziaes are listed ia Table 13. Toxicity data are available. For cyanuric fluoride, LD g =3.1 ppm for 4 h (iahalatioa, rat) and 160 mg/kg (skin, rabbit) (127). 

Oil Repellent. Fluorochemicals are the only class of material that can provide oil repeUency without altering the porosity of the paper or paperboard. Physical barriers to oil penetration are used primarily for their moisture- or gas-barrier properties, with retarded oil penetration as a secondary benefit. The most common od-repeUent additives are long-chain perfluoroalkyl phosphate salts of ammonia or diethanol amine. Commercial sources include Scotchban (3M), Zonyl (DuPont), and Lodyne (Ciba Specialties). There are also a fluorochemical carboxylate salt, Lodyne (Ciba Specialties), and fluorochemical copolymers, eg, Scotchban (3M). The widest range of oily fluid holdout is provided by the fluorochemical copolymers. 

The development of synthetic methods for the selective introduction of short-chain perfluoroalkyl groups into organic molecules is of interest in drug development [464]. Fluoromodifications often confer unique properties on a molecule, for example in terms of increased metabolic stability and lipophilicity and, as a consequence, the pharmacokinetic profiles are often improved [465]. Burger and coworkers developed a domino process consisting of a SN reaction combined with a Claisen and a Cope rearrangement which allows the transformation of simple fluorinated compounds into more complex molecules with fluoro atoms [466]. Treatment of furan 2-917 with 2-hydroxymethyl thiophene (2-918) in the presence... 

To improve DPP-4 activity as well as pharmacokinetic properties, the effects of substituents on triazolopiperazine moieties were examined (Table 17.7) [48], Aryl and heteroaryl substituents were found to be as effective as alkyl substituents at improving DPP-4 activity. Unlike most ofthe previous (1-amino acid amide analogues in this series, these analogues (e.g. 43 and 44) exhibited unacceptable DPP-8 and hERG activities (IC50 S — 1-4 pM). The effects of perfluoroalkyl substituents were... 

Perfluoroalkylhalogenomercurates, 3 344-346 Perfluoroalkylmercuric iodides, 3 340 Perfluoroalkyl phosphorus acids, 3 382-387 Perfluoroalkyl tertiary amines, 16 26, 27 structural parameters, 16 27 Perfluoroamines preparation of, 3 356 properties of, 3 361-363 Perfluoro-/-butyl(fluorosulfuryl) peroxide, 16 126... 

In this chapter, fluorinated saccharidic compounds are considered in the following order fluorinated analogues of furanoses and nucleosides, followed by pyranoses and then fluoromethylated sugars. Finally, a brief summary of perfluoroalkylated sugars and of their amphiphilic properties is given. 

The presence of long perfluoroalkyl chains gives sugars surfactant and emulsifier properties, with interesting applications in the biomedical field. These applications... 

Material Properties of Fluoropolymers and Perfluoroalkyl-Based Polymers... 

All of the unique properties imparted by fluorocarbons can be traced back to a single origin the nature of the C—F bond. These properties include low surface tension, excellent thermal and chemical stability, low coefficient of friction, and low dielectric constant. However, not all of these properties are possessed by the entire inventory of available fluorocarbons. The fluorocarbons can be assigned to two major categories (1) fluoropolymers, which are materials that are comprised mainly of C—F bonds and include such examples as PTFE, and (2) fluorochemicals (FA) based on the perfluoroalkyl group, which are materials that generally have fewer C—F bonds and often exist as derivatives of other classes of molecules (e.g., acrylates, alcohols, esters). In addition, the properties that dictate the uses of fluorocarbons can be classified into (1) bulk properties (e.g., thermal and chemical stability, dielectric constant) and (2) surface properties (e.g., low surface tension, low coefficient of friction). The types of materials available and properties imparted are not exclusive and overlap substantially. From this array of fluorocarbons and attributes, a large variety of unique materials can be constructed. 

Perfluoroalkyl-l,3,5-triazines are very stable to oxidation and heat. They have potential as lubricating fluids for use in aerospace work (B-74MI22003). Their polymeric products are stable elastomers with excellent rubber-like properties for use as electrical wire insulation and seals for hydraulic, lubricating and fuel systems of aircraft (B-80MI22001). Perfluoro-2,4,6-tri-n-heptyl-l,3,5-triazine is a valuable reference standard for precise mass... 

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