Perfluoroalkyl-2-ethanol

Spruce meal and beech blocks were modified by using a mixture of perfluoroalkyl ethanol and MDI. Improved dimensional stability and water repellency were reported (Engonga etal., 1999). In order to avoid the handling problems associated with the use of most isocyanates, the generation of isocyanates within the wood by thermal rearrangement of acyl azides has been studied (Gdrardin etal., 1995) (Figure 4.8). This is potentially a... 

One of the major problems associated with the hydrolysis of fluorinatcd compounds is the activation of fluoride substitution by per- or polyfliioroalkyl, perfltioroaryl groups, or double bonds linked to the same or adjacent carbon. However, hydrolysis not involving the C-F bond is widely used for the synthesis of 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethanols, precursors to useful materials such as oil and water repellents, surfactants, and fire-fighting foams. The alcohols... 

Perfluoroalkyl)ethanols Hydrolysis of Iodides General Procedure 5... 

The SMMs were synthesized using a two-step solution polymerization method (Carman 1956 Fang et al. 1994 Khayet et al. 2005a,b Suk et al. 2006 Qtaishat et al. 2009a,b). The solvent DMAc was distilled at about 25°C under a pressure of 133.3 Pa. Methylene bis(j)-phsay isocyanate) (diphenylmethane diisocyanate MDI) was also distilled at 150°C under 66.7 Pa (0.5 Torr). PPG, a,a)-aminopropyl PDMS, and 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethanol (FAE) were degassed for 24 h under 66.7 Pa. The first polymerization step was conducted in a solution with a predetermined composition to form polyurethane from the reaction of MDI with PPG or to form polyurea from the reaction of MDI with PDMS as a prepolymer. In the second polymerization step, the prepolymer was end-capped by the addition of FAE, resulting in a solution of SMM. 

Zonyl fluorotelomer intermediate, 2-(Perfluoroalkyl)ethanol, (FAE, BA-L of average Mn 443 and 70 wt% fluorine)... 

Particularly alkyl halides which have a perfluoroalkyl group at the /3-position undergo smooth carbonylation. Probably the coordination of fluorine to form a five-membered chelate ring accelerates the reaction. Double carbonylation to give the a-keto amide 915 is possible in Et NH with the fluorine-bearing alkyl iodide 914[769,770]. The ester 917 is obtained by the carbonylation of the /3-perfluoroalkyl iodide 916 in ethanol. 

Examples of perfluoroalkyl iodide addition to the triple bond include free radical addition of perfluoropropyl iodide to 1 -heptyne [28] (equation 21), thermal and free radical-initiated addition of lodoperfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluorides to acetylene [29] (equation 22), thermal addition of perfluoropropyl iodide to hexa-fluoro 2 butyne [30] (equation 23), and palladium-catalyzed addition of per-fluorobutyl iodide to phenylacetylene [31] (equation 24) The E isomers predominate in these reactions Photochemical addition of tnfluoromethyl iodide to vinylacetylene gives predominantly the 1 4 adduct by addition to the double bond [32] Platinum catalyzed addition of perfluorooctyl iodide to l-hexyne in the presence of potassium carbonate, carbon monoxide, and ethanol gives ethyl () per fluorooctyl-a-butylpropenoate [JJ] (equation 25)... 

Kurume Laboratory (2001a) Final report, Bioconcentration test of 2-perfluoroalkyl (C = 4 - 14) ethanol [This test was performed using 2-(perfluorooctyl)-ethanol (test substance number K-1518)] in carp. Kurume Laboratory, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan. EPA Docket AR226-1276... 

A solution of perfluoroalkyl iodide (0.4 mmol), a-chlorostyrene (1.2 mmol) and Bu3SnSnBu3 (0.44 mmol) in benzene (3 ml) was irradiated using a metal halide lamp (National Sky-beam MT-70) in Pyrex tube under 02 atmosphere for 5 h. After removal of the solvent, ethanol and hydrazine acetate were added. The resultant solution was stirred under refluxing conditions for 2 h. After removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed on silica gel using a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane as an eluent, to give perfluoroalkylated pyrazole in 59% yield [117]. 

Direct hydroperfluoroalkylation of ethyl propiolatc with perfluoroalkyl iodides, or bromides, is performed with zinc powder and a cobaloxime(III) catalyst in ethanol.For example, formation of acrylate 4. ... 

Metal /3-diketonates are generally synthesized from the neutral /3-diketones and the appropriate bulk metal or metal salt are synthesized in solvents such as water, dioxane, ethanol, or neat diketone. The use of the bulk metal is limited to the more electropositive elements such as the group 1 and 2 metals, although the method is more widely apphcable with more acidic /3-diketones, such as those with perfluoroalkyl substituents. Electrochemical syntheses... 

The resultants, 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoroalkyl iodides, can be easily converted, e.g., into alcohols, thiols, carboxylic acids and ethoxylated products. Thus, direct hydrolysis of 2-perfluoroalkyl iodides leads to perfIuoroalkyl-2-ethanols which show surface activity in non-aqueous solvents. Such approaches to fluorosurfactant synthesis have been put on stream by Du Pont, Ciba-Geigy, Hoechst, Asahi Glass and Daikin Kogyo. 

A close methodology has been also adopted for the preparation of MCM-41-supported metal bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]imides [103]. A solution of metal bis[(perfluoroalkyl) sulfonyl]imides in dry ethanol was dripped into the mixture of M(NPf2) ethanol MCM-41 toluene = 1 mmol 2 mL l g 25 mL (M = Zn, Yb) and the slurry was continuously stirred at room temperature under Ar atmosphere and then solvent removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. 

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