Percent of solids collected

Tb evaluate the solids crystallized by spray-evaporation, the mole weight of the solids on each glass tube was compared to the total mole weight of the solids in the column. This ratio was defined as the percent of solids collected f, and also the composition [jc] of solids on each glass tube was indicated by the mole fraction of lauric acid. The percent of solids collected and the composition of solids were analyzed at the different positions [z] along the column. Zero position (z =0 m) was defined as the top of the column, and the end position (z = 0.11 m) as the bottom of it. 

Figure 2 shows the effect of liquid flow rate on the relationship between the position of the column and the composition, the percent of solids collected. A greater percent of solids was collected in the glass tube near the nozzle (0.05 m) and also on the bottom of the column (0.11m). The percent on the bottom decreased with lower liquid flow rate. The composition increased at all positions as the liquid flow rate increased. Three different mole fractions of acetone in feed are compared in Figure 3. An increase of mole fraction of acetone solvent made the percent of solids collected near the nozzle low, but made the composition of solids on the bottom high.

Figure 2. Effect of liquid flow rate on the relationship between position of the column and composition, percent of solids collected in spray-evaporation, (feed mole fraction of acetone = 0.990, mole fraction of lauric add in fatty acids mixture = 0.10)...

Considering only the solids on the bottom, the relationship between separation factor and the percent of solids collected on the bottom is shown in Figure 6. Tlie separation factor[a] was given by the following relationship ... 

Figure 7 shows the effect of the Weber number on the percent of solids collected on the bottom. The percent of the solids increased with the Weber number, and the Weber number in the operations using liquefied gases were considerably larger. 

When consistent units are used, the particle size will either be in meters or feet. The equation contains effects of cyclone size, velocity, viscosity, and density of solids. In practice, a design curve as given in Fig. 17-39 uses Dpti, as the size at which 50 percent of solids of a given size are collected by the cyclone. The material entering the cyclone is divided into fractional sizes, and the collection efficiency for each size is determined. The total efficiency of collection is the sum of the collection efficiencies of the cuts. 

Iodine can also be collected from seawater, brackish water, brine, or sea kelp. Seawater is given different names depending on the amount of solids dissolved in it. Brackish water, for example, has a relatively low percentage of solids dissolved in water. The range that is sometimes given is 0.05 to 3 percent solids in the water. Brine has a higher percentage of dissolved solids. It may contain anywhere from 3 to 20 percent of solids dissolved in water. 

Qystallization of tatty acids using spray-evaporation of highly volatile solvents has been examined to obtain solids without inclusion of liquid. Hie powdery solids were collected in the spray column, and they were usually obtained on the glass tube near the nozzle and also on the bottom of the column. The mole fraction of first crystallizing component of the solids in the column decreases from the top to the bottom of the column. Hie percent of the solids collected on the bottom were correlated with the Weber Number. The more volatile solvents such as propane or isobutane reduced the percent of solids and the purity of solids on the bottom. Hie possibility of a separation process using spray-evaporation was suggested. 

Percent recovery is the percent of the chemical collected under actual sampling conditions which is recovered for analysis. The major contributing factor to low recovery is often the desorption efficiency, i.e., the partitioning of a chemical, at equilibrium, between a specific kind and volume of solvent and a specific batch and amount of solid sorbent. Recovery and desorption efficiency are not always... 

To find the Ce4+ content of a solid, 4.37 g were dissolved and treated with excess iodate to precipitate Ce(I03)4. The precipitate was collected, washed well, dried, and ignited to produce 0.104 g of CeO, (FM 172.114). What was the weight percent of Ce in the original solid ... 

The large surface area/volume ratio of nanoparticles means that most of their atoms are on the surface, which allows nanoparticles to react as nearly stoichiometric reagents in chemical reactions, unlike bulk solids. For example, a six-atom cluster in the shape of an octahedron contains 100 percent of its atoms on the surface. If either the CCF or HCF theme is followed, the next smallest close-packed collection of atoms that can be built has a central atom coordinated to six others in one layer, three others in a layer above, and three in a layer beneath. Hence, 12/13 = 92 percent of the atoms in this cluster... 

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