Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus

A -acetylmuramic acid) residues. These chains are cross-linked via peptide structures. Part of the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus is shown here. Amino acid abbreviations are given in Chapter 13. 

Possible conformations of the disaccharide-peptide sub-units of the peptidoglycans of Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus have been studied using an energy-minimization procedure. Contrary to earlier reports the favoured conformation of the disaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-/3-D-glucosyl-... 

The physical state of the membrane lipid in Staphylococcus aureus, as measured by fluorescence and e.s.r. spectroscopy, has been shown to affect the activity of the phospho-A-acetylmuramylpentapeptide transferase (E.C. 2.7.8.13). A correction to conclusions from earlier studies on the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus hzs been reported. ... 

Peptidoglycan is composed of three structural parts, the polysaccharide backbones, short peptide side chains that are attached to them and cross links between those peptides. In biosynthesis, these are formed in stages that overlap only slightly and they are well illustrated by the synthesis of the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus (Strominger, Izaki, Matsuhashi and Tipper, 1967). 

Evidence has been presented to show that at least three lipid intermediates participate in the synthesis of the three glycerol phosphate residues which represent the linkage unit between the teichoic acids and peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus H and a Micrococcus species. The structures of the... 

FIGURE 3.10 Bacterial cell wall, (a) Repeating disaccharide of peptidoglycan. (b) Structure of the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus. O, L-alanine , D-alanine A, D-glutamine , L-lysine V, L-glycine... 

Fig. 8. Basic structural unit of a peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus...

Figure 8.31 Schematic representation of the peptidoglycan in Staphylococcus jureu5. The sugars are shown in yellow, the tetrapeptides in red. and the pentaglycine bridges in blue. The cell wall is a single, enormous, bag-shaped macromolecule because of extensive cross-linking.

Figure 2 The PBP transpeptidation reaction, exemplified with the peptidoglycan of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.

Figure 16.20 Synthesis of the linear peptidoglycan molecule of Staphylococcus aureus. 

Fig. 3.—Schematic Structure of the Peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus. [MurNAc, N-acetylmuramic acid GNAc, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose Ala, alanine Glu, glutamic acid Lys, lysine Gly, glycine. Arrows (— and — ) show glycosidic and peptide linkages, respectively. In the latter, arrows are drawn from the amino acid supplying the carboxyl group to the amino acid supplying the amino group.]...

Higashi Y, Strominger JL, Sweeley CC. Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. XXI. Isolation of free Css-isoprenoid alcohol and of lipid intermediates in peptidoglycan synthesis from Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem 1970 245-3697. 

Teichoic Acid and Peptidoglycan in a Bacteriophage-resistant Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus Biochemical Journal, 149, 637-47... 

The biosynthetic precursor of the tri (glycerol phosphate) which links teichoic acid to the peptidoglycan in Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus and Micrococcus spp. 

Possible conformations of the disaccharide-peptlde sub-units of the peptido-glycans of Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus have been studied by an energy-minimization procedure. " Contrary to earlier reports the favoured conformation of the disaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-/8-D-glucosyl-(l->4)-.A -acetylmuramic acid is different from that of cellulose or chitin. Three types of conformation, two compact and one extended, are postulated with all three being stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Two different models were proposed for the three-dimensional arrangement of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. 

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